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The cost of restoring carbon stocks in Brazil's Atlantic Forest
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  • Pedro H. S. Brancalion,
  • Joannès Guillemot,
  • Ricardo César,
  • Henrique Andrade,
  • Alex Mendes,
  • Taísi Sorrini,
  • Marisa Piccolo,
  • Marina Peluci,
  • Vanessa Moreno,
  • Gabriel Colletta,
  • RL Chazdon
Pedro H. S. Brancalion
University of São Paulo Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Joannès Guillemot
CIRAD
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Ricardo César
USP ESALQ
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Henrique Andrade
USP ESALQ
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Alex Mendes
USP ESALQ
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Taísi Sorrini
USP ESALQ
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Marisa Piccolo
Universidade de São Paulo
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Marina Peluci
Universidade de São Paulo Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura
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Vanessa Moreno
University of São Paulo, USP ESALQ
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Gabriel Colletta
USP ESALQ
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RL Chazdon
University of Connecticut
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Abstract

Knowing which restoration approach provides the best returns on investment for accumulating carbon is essential to foster restoration planning, financing, and implementation. We assessed the recovery of carbon stocks, implementation and land opportunity costs of forests established by natural regeneration and high-diversity native tree plantations. Our study was based on chronosequences (10-60 yr) of 12 naturally regenerating forests, 13 restoration plantations, and 5 reference forests located in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. Restoration plantations accumulated approximately 50% more above-ground carbon than regenerating forests throughout the chronosequence. When controlling for soil clay content, soil carbon stocks were higher in reference than in restored forests, but they were comparable between plantations and regenerating forests. After 60 years of stand development, recovery of total carbon stocks in both restoration management types reached only half of the average stocks of reference forests. Total cost-effectiveness for carbon accumulation, including both implementation and land opportunity costs, was on average 60% higher for regenerating forests than for plantations (15.1 kgC.US$-1 and 9.4 kgC.US$-1, respectively). Both restoration management types had cost-effectiveness for carbon accumulation markedly lower than the price of carbon credits considered, so some voluntary forest carbon markets are not adequately priced to support restoration derived offsets. Although tree plantations initially had higher rates of carbon storage than regenerating forests, their higher implementation and land opportunity costs make them less cost-effective for carbon farming. Our results further suggest that carbon markets alone have a limited potential to up-scale restoration efforts in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest.
02 Apr 2020Submitted to Land Degradation & Development
04 Apr 2020Submission Checks Completed
04 Apr 2020Assigned to Editor
18 Apr 2020Reviewer(s) Assigned
21 May 2020Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
01 Jul 2020Editorial Decision: Revise Major
16 Jul 20201st Revision Received
17 Jul 2020Submission Checks Completed
17 Jul 2020Assigned to Editor
30 Jul 2020Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
07 Aug 2020Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
10 Aug 20202nd Revision Received
14 Aug 2020Submission Checks Completed
14 Aug 2020Assigned to Editor
26 Aug 2020Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
04 Sep 2020Editorial Decision: Accept