Infliximab and rate of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients:

The rate of hospitalization was not statistically significant between the two groups based on our meta-analysis.
Monoclonal antibodies have desirable effects in terms of decline in hospitalization of outpatients with COVID-19 (RR 0.30; 95% CI, 0.17-0.53; I2 = 0%) [24]. Both baricitinib and tocilizumab decrease the length of hospitalization in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (baricitinib: mean difference, −1.13 days (95% CI, −1.51 to −0.76), p < 0.001, i2 = 0.00%; tocilizumab: mean difference, −2.80 days (95% CI, −4.17 to −1.43), p < 0.001, i2 = 55.47%) and also result in significant clinical recovery of them by day 28 (baricitinib: RR, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.03–1.48), p  = 0.02, i2 = 27.20%; tocilizumab: RR, 1.41 (95% CI, 1.12–1.78), p  < 0.001, i2 = 34.59%) in comparison with standard care [19]. Lai et. al., network meta-analysis revealed that nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir treatment had the least risk of hospitalization or death (OR, 0.12; 95% CI: 0.06–0.24), following remdesivir (OR, 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03–0.57) and molnupiravir (OR, 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46–0.99) in non-hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with placebo treatment [25].
According to Halim et. al., meta-analysis, the risk of COVID-19 infection severity is insignificantly associated with higher serum levels of TNF-α. The results of this study also indicated that every 1 picogram (pg)/mL surge in TNF-α level is correlated with severity of COVID-19 infection (with adjusted odds ratio = 1.0304; 95% CI: 0.8178-1.2983; p value = 0.80) [18].