DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the
corresponding author upon reasonable request.
REFERENCE S
Al-Humairi, R.M.A., Muhsin, H.Y., Ad’hiah, A.H., 2022. Severity of
Coronavirus Disease 19: A Profile of Inflammatory Markers in Iraqi
Patients. Malaysian J. Med. Heal. Sci. 18, 91–98.
Amado-Rodríguez, L., Del Riego, E.S., De Ona, J.G., Alonso, I.L.,
Gil-Pena, H., López-Martínez, C., Martín-Vicente, P., Lopez-Vazquez, A.,
Gonzalez Lopez, A., Cuesta-Llavona, E., Rodriguez-Garcia, R., Boga,
J.A., Alvarez-Arguelles, M.E., Mayordomo-Colunga, J., Vidal-Castineira,
J.R., Crespo, I., Fernandez, M., Criado, L., Salvadores, V.,
Jimeno-Demuth, F.J., Blanch, L., Prieto, B., Fernandez-Fernandez, A.,
Lopez-Larrea, C., Coto, E., Albaiceta, G.M., 2022. Effects of IFIH1
rs1990760 variants on systemic inflammation and outcome in critically
ill COVID-19 patients in an observational translational study. Elife 11,
e73012. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.73012
Asgari, S., Schlapbach, L.J., Anchisi, S., Hammer, C., Bartha, I.,
Junier, T., Mottet-Osman, G., Posfay-Barbe, K.M., Longchamp, D.,
Stocker, M., Cordey, S., Kaiser, L., Riedel, T., Kenna, T., Long, D.,
Schibler, A., Telenti, A., Tapparel, C., McLaren, P.J., Garcin, D.,
Fellay, J., 2017. Severe viral respiratory infections in children with
IFIH1 loss-of-function mutations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 114,
8342–8347. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704259114
Beyerstedt, S., Casaro, E.B., Rangel, É.B., 2021. COVID-19:
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue
susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.
Dis. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-04138-6
Brisse, M., Ly, H., 2019. Comparative structure and function analysis of
the RIG-I-like receptors: RIG-I and MDA5. Front. Immunol. 10, 472812.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01586
Cano-Gamez, E., Trynka, G., 2020. From GWAS to Function: Using
Functional Genomics to Identify the Mechanisms Underlying Complex
Diseases. Front. Genet. 11, 505357.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00424
Chawla, K., Subramanian, G., Rahman, T., Fan, S., Chakravarty, S.,
Gujja, S., Demchak, H., Chakravarti, R., Chattopadhyay, S., 2022.
Autophagy in Virus Infection: A Race between Host Immune Response and
Viral Antagonism. Immuno 2, 153–169.
https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno2010012
Dieter, C., de Almeida Brondani, L., Lemos, N.E., Schaeffer, A.F.,
Zanotto, C., Ramos, D.T., Girardi, E., Pellenz, F.M., Camargo, J.L.,
Moresco, K.S., da Silva, L.L., Aubin, M.R., de Oliveira, M.S., Rech,
T.H., Canani, L.H., Gerchman, F., Leitão, C.B., Crispim, D., 2023.
Polymorphisms in ACE1, TMPRSS2, IFIH1, IFNAR2, and TYK2 Genes Are
Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19. Genes (Basel). 14,
29. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14010029
Feizollahi, P., Zamanian, M.H., Falahi, S., Salari, F., Mahmoudi, Z.,
Faryadi, E., Gorgin Karaji, A., Rezaiemanesh, A., 2023. Association of
IFIH1 and DDX58 genes polymorphism with susceptibility to COVID-19. Med.
Microbiol. Immunol. 212, 221–229.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-023-00764-x
Freitas, B.T., Scholte, F.E.M., Bergeron, É., Pegan, S.D., 2020. How
ISG15 combats viral infection. Virus Res. 286, 198036.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198036
Giannini, M., Ohana, M., Nespola, B., Zanframundo, G., Geny, B., Meyer,
A., 2020. Similarities between COVID-19 and anti-MDA5 syndrome: what can
we learn for better care? Eur. Respir. J. 56, 2001618.
https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01618-2020
Gootjes, C., Zwaginga, J.J., Roep, B.O., Nikolic, T., 2022. Functional
Impact of Risk Gene Variants on the Autoimmune Responses in Type 1
Diabetes. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.886736
Jiang, W., Zhuo, L., Wu, X., Shen, J., Ye, X., Wang, Y., Xia, X., Chen,
H., Yu, R., Yang, S., Huang, P., 2019. Association of rs2111485 and
rs1990760 Polymorphisms of Interferon Induced with Helicase C Domain 1
Gene with Hepatitis C Virus Clearance in Chinese Han Population. Viral
Immunol. 32, 341–347. https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2019.0109
Kienes, I., Weidl, T., Mirza, N., Chamaillard, M., Kufer, T.A., 2021.
Role of nlrs in the regulation of type i interferon signaling, host
defense and tolerance to inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 1–28.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031301
Lamers, M.M., Haagmans, B.L., 2022. SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Nat. Rev.
Microbiol. 20, 270–284. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00713-0
Li, C., He, Q., Qian, H., Liu, J., 2021. Overview of the pathogenesis of
COVID‑19 (Review). Exp. Ther. Med. 22, 1011.
https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10444
Maiti, A.K., 2020. The African-American population with a low allele
frequency of SNP rs1990760 (T allele) in IFIH1 predicts less IFN-beta
expression and potential vulnerability to COVID-19 infection.
Immunogenetics 72, 387–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-020-01174-6
Medrano, R.F.V., De Oliveira, C.A., 2014. Guidelines for the
tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technique development. Mol. Biotechnol. 56,
599–608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-014-9734-4
Minashkin, M.M., Grigortsevich, N.Y., Kamaeva, A.S., Barzanova, V. V.,
Traspov, A.A., Godkov, M.A., Ageev, F.A., Petrikov, S.S., Pozdnyakova,
N. V., 2022. The Role of Genetic Factors in the Development of Acute
Respiratory Viral Infection COVID-19: Predicting Severe Course and
Outcomes. Biomedicines 10, 549.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030549
Muñiz-Banciella, M.G., Albaiceta, G.M., Amado-Rodríguez, L., del Riego,
E.S., Alonso, I.L., López-Martínez, C., Martín-Vicente, P.,
García-Clemente, M., Hermida-Valverde, T., Enríquez-Rodriguez, A.I.,
Hernández-González, C., Cuesta-Llavona, E., Alvarez, V., Gómez, J.,
Coto, E., 2023. Age-dependent effect of the IFIH1/MDA5 gene variants on
the risk of critical COVID-19. Immunogenetics 75, 91–98.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-022-01281-6
Onan, D., Yorulmaz, A., Ezgü, F.S., Hayran, K.M., Külcü, S., Artüz,
R.F., Yalçin, B., 2019. The role of ifih1 gene rs1990760 and rs2111485
single-nucleotide polymorphisms generalized vitiligo predisposition.
Turkish J. Med. Sci. 49, 206–211. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1808-63
Ren, Z., Ding, T., Zuo, Z., Xu, Z., Deng, J., Wei, Z., 2020. Regulation
of MAVS Expression and Signaling Function in the Antiviral Innate Immune
Response. Front. Immunol. 11, 514600.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01030
Tonutti, A., Motta, F., Ceribelli, A., Isailovic, N., Selmi, C., De
Santis, M., 2022. Anti-MDA5 Antibody Linking COVID-19, Type I
Interferon, and Autoimmunity: A Case Report and Systematic Literature
Review. Front. Immunol. 13, 937667.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.937667
von Mering, C., Huynen, M., Jaeggi, D., Schmidt, S., Bork, P., Snel, B.,
2003. STRING: A database of predicted functional associations between
proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 258–261.
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg034
WHO, 2020. Clinical management of COVID-19: interim guidance, 27 May
2020. World Heal. Organ. 1–10.
Xiao, Z., Luo, S., Zhou, Y., Pang, H., Yin, W., Qin, J., Xie, Z., Zhou,
Z., 2023. Association of the rs1990760, rs3747517, and rs10930046
polymorphisms in the IFIH1 gene with susceptibility to autoimmune
diseases: a meta-analysis. Front. Immunol. 14, 1051247.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1051247
Xu, J., Cai, Y., Ma, Z.B., Jiang, B., Liu, W., Cheng, J., Guo, N., Wang,
Z., Sealy, J.E., Song, C., Wang, X., Li, Y., 2021. The RNA helicase DDX5
promotes viral infection via regulating N6-methyladenosine levels on the
DHX58 and NFκB transcripts to dampen antiviral innate immunity. PLoS
Pathog. 17, e1009530. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009530
Yao, Y., Shen, Y., Shao, H., Liu, Y., Ji, Y., Du, G., Ye, X., Huang, P.,
Chen, H., 2021. Polymorphisms of RIG-I-like receptor influence HBV
clearance in Chinese Han population. J. Med. Virol. 93, 4957–4965.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26969
Zhang, F., Lupski, J.R., 2015. Non-coding genetic variants in human
disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddv259