\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Sediment oxygen uptake and hypoxia: a simple mass-balance model for
estuaries and coastal oceans}



\author[1]{Jing Sun}%
\author[2]{Liuqian Yu}%
\author[1]{Xingyu Yang}%
\author[1]{Jianping Gan}%
\author[3]{Hongbin Yin}%
\author[1]{Jiying Li}%
\affil[1]{The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology}%
\affil[2]{The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)}%
\affil[3]{Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 17, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Hypoxia is increasing in coastal oceans. This is because eutrophication
has increased oxygen consumption, while less oxygen is replenished to
the bottom under stronger stratification. Quantifying these
biogeochemical and physical drivers is important for management and
predicting future trends. By using observations from the Pearl River
Estuary (PRE) region (10-70 m deep) and similar coastal systems, this
paper introduces a simple analysis to quantify both the biogeochemical
and physical drivers of hypoxia. We show that in the PRE region,
sediment respires \textgreater{}60\% of organic matter produced in the
water column, leading to high sediment oxygen uptake (average 41.1\selectlanguage{ngerman}±16.3
mmol m-2 d-1) and shallow oxygen penetrations (2-7 mm). The sediment's
effect on the bottom oxygen loss becomes stronger with the reducing
thickness of the bottom boundary layer. We then construct a generic
mass-balance model to quantify oxygen loss, determine timescales of
hypoxia formation, and explain within- and cross-system variabilities.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

