Haemorrhage and Transfusion
After 30 minutes of anaesthetic equilibration and baseline arterial blood pressure recordings from each site, blood was removed in 5 mL/kg bwt increments up to 25 mL/kg bwt via continuous suction from jugular catheters and stored in sterile bags with the appropriate volume of citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (14 ml CPDA-1 per 100 mL blood). Ten minutes after each incremental blood removal, MAP readings obtained via NIBP at the base of the tail, or invasively from the three aforementioned peripheral sites (n = 9 horses) and the thoracic aorta (n = 4 horses) were recorded. Blood was returned in the same 5 mL/kg aliquots and repeated until the full 25 mL/kg was administered. At the conclusion of the experiment, horses were not recovered from anaesthesia and were euthanized by administration of intrathecal lidocaine (VetOneĀ®, 4 mg/kg bwt).16