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\begin{document}

\title{Serum banks for serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging infectious
diseases}



\author[1]{Jinghui Zhao}%
\author[2]{Yanlong Cong}%
\author[3]{Junfeng Li}%
\author[4]{Yixue  Sun}%
\author[3]{Fengjie Wang}%
\author[5]{Li-Feng Zhao}%
\author[6]{Honghong Xue}%
\author[5]{Li Guo}%
\author[7]{Yongzhi Wang}%
\author[1]{Xiaocheng Li}%
\author[8]{Xuelian Liu}%
\affil[1]{State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering Beijing DaBeiNong Science and Technology Group Co Ltd (DBN) Beijing 100192 China}%
\affil[2]{Jilin University}%
\affil[3]{Jilin Agricultural University Library}%
\affil[4]{Jilin Research \& Development Center of Biomedical Engineering Changchun University Changchun 130022 China}%
\affil[5]{College of Animal Science and Technology Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University Jilin 132101 China}%
\affil[6]{People's Government of Huanxi Township Chuanying District Jilin 132101 China}%
\affil[7]{Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences}%
\affil[8]{Jilin DaBeiNong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co Ltd Changchun 130102 China}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 14, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
In June 2021, Udom et al. published their article in~
\emph{Transboundary and Emerging Diseases} performing a serological
survey revealed evidence of anti-N-IgG antibodies suggesting SARS-CoV-2
exposure in both dogs and cats during the first and second coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in Thailand. Seroprevalence studies
have proven an important tool to monitor the progression of the COVID-19
pandemic. The duration of immunity of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for the
course of the pandemic and for this reason the monitoring of antibodies
against SARS-CoV-2 is important. The serum samples from different
periods and regions were valuable in terms of scientific significance
for serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging infectious diseases.
In order to preserve the remaining serum samples and ensure the
stability of anti-virus antibodies in storage serum samples, we strongly
suggest that standard serum~banks~should be established worldwide.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


DR. JINGHUI ZHAO (Orcid ID: 0000-0002-4564-8543)

Article type: Letters to the Editor

\textbf{Title:~Serum banks for serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 and
emerging infectious diseases~}

Yanlong Cong\textsuperscript{1}, Junfeng Li\textsuperscript{2}, Yixue
Sun\textsuperscript{3}, Fengjie Wang\textsuperscript{2}, Lifeng
Zhao\textsuperscript{4}, Honghong Xue\textsuperscript{5}, Li
Guo\textsuperscript{4,} *, Yongzhi Wang\textsuperscript{6,} *, Xiaocheng
Li\textsuperscript{7,} *, Xuelian Liu\textsuperscript{8,} *,~Jinghui
Zhao\textsuperscript{8, 7,} *

Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key
Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin
University, Changchun 130062, China

Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China

3. Jilin Research \& Development Center of Biomedical Engineering,
Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China

4. College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science
and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China

5. People's Government of Huanxi Township, Chuanying District, Jilin
132101, China

6. Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China

7. State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering, Beijing
DaBeiNong Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd. (DBN), Beijing 100192,
China

8. Jilin DaBeiNong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd,
Changchun 130102, China

\textbf{* Correspondence:~}

Li Guo, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural
Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China.

piaogl110@163.com

Yongzhi Wang, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033,
China

E-mail: yzwang@126.com

Xiaocheng Li, Jilin DaBeiNong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130102, China.

E-mail: lxch\_215@yeah.net

Xuelian Liu, State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering,
Beijing DaBeiNong Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd. (DBN), Beijing
100192, China.

E-mail: liuxuelian@dbn.com.cn

Jinghui Zhao, Jilin DaBeiNong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130102, China.

E-mail: zhaojinghui8791@163.com; zhaojinghui8791@hotmail.com

Yanlong Cong, Junfeng Li, Yixue Sun, Fengjie Wang and Lifeng Zhao
contributed equally to this article, and all should be considered first
author.

\textbf{Keywords:~} Serum bank;~SARS-CoV-2; Serological survey; Emerging
infectious diseases

\textbf{Abstract}

In June 2021, Udom et al. published their article in~\emph{Transboundary
and Emerging Diseases} performing a serological survey revealed evidence
of anti-N-IgG antibodies suggesting SARS-CoV-2 exposure in both dogs and
cats during the first and second coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
outbreaks in Thailand. Seroprevalence studies have proven an important
tool to monitor the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic. The duration
of immunity of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for the course of the pandemic and
for this reason the monitoring of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is
important. The serum samples from different periods and regions were
valuable in terms of scientific significance for serological survey of
SARS-CoV-2 and emerging infectious diseases. In order to preserve the
remaining serum samples and ensure the stability of anti-virus
antibodies in storage serum samples, we strongly suggest that standard
serum~banks~should be established worldwide.

\textbf{Dear Editor,}

In June 2021, Udom et al. published their article in~\emph{Transboundary
and Emerging Diseases} performing a serological survey revealed evidence
of anti-N-IgG antibodies suggesting SARS-CoV-2 exposure in both dogs and
cats during the first and second coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
outbreaks in Thailand (Udom et al. 2021). Seroprevalence studies have
proven an important tool to monitor the progression of the COVID-19
pandemic (Cuellar et al. 2020). The duration of immunity of SARS-CoV-2
is crucial for the course of the pandemic and for this reason the
monitoring of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is important. The serum
samples from different periods and regions were valuable in terms of
scientific significance for serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 and
emerging infectious diseases (Deng et al. 2020; Stranieri et al. 2021;
Van Aart et al. 2021; Zhao et al. 2021). In order to preserve the
remaining serum samples and ensure the stability of anti-virus
antibodies in storage serum samples, we strongly suggest that standard
serum~banks~should be established worldwide.

The key~to~this study was the~3215 serum samples from dogs (n = 2102)
and cats (n = 1113), which~were collected from six zones of Bangkok and
nearby provinces (Nakhon Pathom, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Samut Sakhon
and Samut Prakan) in Thailand.~According to the manuscript,
``Approximately 3 ml of blood was collected from each animal, and serum
was separated by centrifugation and then stored at -20 until use''.
Notably, the transportation conditions and time between blood sampling
and detection of the~serum samples~were not mentioned in the
manuscript.~There is no evidence regarding the stability of
SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies~during different~storage~temperature and
time. The stability of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin~may influence
the results and conclusion of the study.~The transportation storage
conditions of~the serum samples~should be included in description
of~serological surveys of SARS-CoV-2~in the future (Weidinger et al.
2021).

Besides the SARS-CoV-2, the samples from the serum bank~should~be used
for serological studies of other~emerging~infectious diseases~in the
future (Ayouba et al. 2019; Barua et al. 2021; Kumar et al. 2020). The
establishment of serum~banks~should~consider the following three
points.~First, the samples~should~be collected~from~people, animals and
bats from different regions and times, especially the remaining serum
samples from previously serological surveys (Ayouba et al. 2019; Barua
et al. 2021; Deng et al. 2020; Kumar et al. 2020). Second, the
serum~samples should be evaluated using~formulated~exclusion
and~inclusion criteria~before~being~included~in the serum bank.~Third,
serum~banks~should include standard preservation conditions and sample
background (Cuellar et al. 2020).~All steps from~blood~sample collection
to~cold-chain~transportation should be in accordance with the standard
operating procedures (Weidinger et al. 2021).

Thank you for your attention in considering this~comment~and~we
are~looking~forward to your response.

\textbf{Conflicts of interest}

The authors declare no conflict of interest relevant to this article.

\textbf{Acknowledgments}

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China under Grant number 32072893 and 31772750, Key Project of
Scientific Research and Planning of Jilin Provincial Department of
Education under Grant number JJL {[}2019{]} No.73 and Research and
innovation team of new veterinary diagnostic reagents and reference
materials of Jilin Provincial Department of science and technology
Talent project.

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