Name |
Name |
Mechanism of
action |
Clinical trial |
Effects |
Side
effects |
Pirfenidone |
Pirfenidone |
TGF-𝛃 and fibronectin inhibitor |
CAPACITY/ASCEND |
Anti-fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory, reduction in
all-cause mortality. |
Photosensitivity, nausea, skin rash,
gastrointestinal upset and anorexia. Serious adverse effects: abnormal
liver function, dizziness, facial paralysis, hepatocellular
tumor. |
Nintedanib |
Nintedanib |
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
INPULSIS/INSTAGE |
Reducing FVC decline and all-cause mortality. |
Diarrhea, nausea,
nasopharyngitis, cough, and vomiting. |
Saracatinib |
Saracatinib |
Src kinase inhibitor |
STOP-IPF |
Better
effect in reducing FVC decline than PFD and NDB. |
Gastrointestinal
discomfort. |
Pamrevlumab |
Pamrevlumab |
CTGF inhibitor |
ZEPHYRUS I, II |
Decrease
in FVC decline, improvement in progression free survival. |
Headache,
cough, breathlessness, URTI, bronchitis. |
Pentraxin-2 |
Pentraxin-2 |
Recombinant human pentraxin-2, has an
activity on monocyte differentiation |
STARSCAPE-OLE |
Owing of
futility, stopped. |
Cough, nasopharyingitis, fatigue. |
BI 1015550 |
BI 1015550 |
phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) inhibitor |
PRAISE |
Reduction in FVC decline with/without antifibrotic therapy. |
Mild diarrhea. |
Ziritaxestat |
Ziritaxestat |
selective autotaxin inhibitor |
ISABELA 1,
2 |
Annual rate in FVC decline, but stopped due to concerning safety. |
Lower respiratory tract infections. |
PBI-4050 |
PBI-4050 |
interacting with GPR40 and GPR84 (activation and
suppression respectively) |
NCT02538536 |
Reduced histological lesions
presented as change in lung architecture, thickness of the alveolar wall
and fibrosis. |
Mild diarrhea, headache and nausea. |
Bexotegrast |
Bexotegrast |
inhibitor of integrins v6 and v1 |
INTEGRIS-IPF |
Excellent safety profile Less progress was supported by
exploratory analysis. |
Mild diarrhea. |
BMS-986020/ BMS-986278 |
BMS-986020/ BMS-986278 |
LPA1 antagonists |
NCT04308681 |
Change in percent predicted (ppFVC). |
Hepatobiliary
toxicity in BMS-986020. |
TD 139 |
TD 139 |
Gal-3 inhibitor |
NCT02257177 |
Slower decline in FVC. |
Taste disturbance and cough. |
Dasatinib (D) and Quercetin (Q) |
Dasatinib (D) and Quercetin (Q) |
Senescent cell anti-apoptotic pathways (SCAPs) inhibitors |
NCT02874989 |
Improved lung function and exercise capacity. |
Nausea, weakness,
headache, sleep disturbance, and sepsis in patients with chronic
cholelithiasis. |