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\begin{document}

\title{Cylindrolobus gaoligongensis sp. nov. (Orchidaceae, Podochileae) from
Yunnan, China, with additional description to C. arunachalensis}



\author[1]{Ji-Dong Ya}%
\author[2]{Jiang Hong}%
\author[3]{Zheng-Jun He}%
\author[4]{Qin-Chang Liao}%
\author[5]{Yan-Hui Zhao}%
\author[6]{Jie Cai}%
\author[5]{Wang Hong}%
\author[1]{Zhi Xiong}%
\affil[1]{Southwest Forestry University}%
\affil[2]{Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland}%
\affil[3]{Gongshan Branch of Management and Protection Bureau of Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve}%
\affil[4]{Longling Institute of Dendrobium}%
\affil[5]{Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences}%
\affil[6]{ Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 17, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
A new species of Cylindrolobus (Orchidaceae), C. gaoligongensis J. D. Ya
\& H. Jiang from Gongshan county, northwestern Yunnan, China, is
described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to C.
arunachalensis (A. N. Rao) A. N. Rao, but can be distinguished from it
by having 5 veined lateral sepals, orange to pink and triangular-ovate
lip mid-lobe and apex mucronate, yellow to white long hairs on the lip,
2 central calli and connected to a keel toward mid-lobe in the disk, 3
rows of white long hairs in the base of the disk. Additionally, a
detailed description and illustration of its close species, C.
arunachalensis, is also provided.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\emph{Cylindrolobus gaoligongensis} \textbf{sp. nov. (Orchidaceae,
Podochileae) from Yunnan, China, with additional description to \emph{C.
arunachalensis}}

\textbf{Abstract}

A new species of \emph{Cylindrolobus} (Orchidaceae), \emph{C.
gaoligongensis} J. D. Ya \& H. Jiang from Gongshan county, northwestern
Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically
similar to \emph{C. arunachalensis} (A. N. Rao) A. N. Rao, but can be
distinguished from it by having 5 veined lateral sepals, orange to pink
and triangular-ovate lip mid-lobe and apex mucronate, yellow to white
long hairs on the lip, 2 central calli and connected to a keel toward
mid-lobe in the disk, 3 rows of white long hairs in the base of the
disk. Additionally, a detailed description and illustration of its close
species, \emph{C. arunachalensis} , is also provided.

\textbf{Keywords}

Orchidaceae, \emph{Cylindrolobus} , new species, taxonomy, southwest
China.

\textbf{Introduction}

The genus \emph{Cylindrolobus} Blume was first established in 1828.
Lindley treated \emph{Cylindrolobus} as a section of \emph{Eria} Lindl.
in 1859, this view was generally accepted by subsequent researchers
until the rise of molecular biology. Recent studies of Podochileae
show\emph{Eria} s.l. is polyphyletic that needs generic reorganization.
Pridgeon et al. (2005) suggested that \emph{Cylindrolobus} should be
subsumed into \emph{Callostylis} Blume but its taxonomic position was
not supported in the later studies. \emph{Cylindrolobus} was elevated to
genus status in Flora of China (Chen et al. 2009). Ng et al. (2018)
redefined the genus \emph{Eria} s.l. by the phylogenetics analyses of
\emph{Eria}and its related genera, \emph{Cylindrolobus} extracted as a
distinct genus characterized by abbreviated inflorescences with one to
several flowers, usually with conspicuous bracts that are normally
greater in number than the flowers. In this study, we followed the
latest delimitation of\emph{Cylindrolobus,} which contains 79 accepted
species and distributes from south China to tropical Asia. (POWO 2023).

The Gaoligong Mountain is a biodiversity hotspot that links three global
biodiversity hotspots including the Himalayas, Indo-Burma and Mountains
of Southwest China (John et al. 2011). It is famous for its rich
biodiversity, complex ecosystems, and high concentration of endemic taxa
(Li and Li 2020). The Gaoligong Mountain harbors one of the highest
orchid diversities in China. There are more than 360 species of orchids
in 98 genera distributed in this region, of which 86 species are endemic
(Jin et al. 2009, Li and Li 2020). From 2022 to 2023, we contacted field
orchid surveys in southwest China and found a little-known species
of\emph{Cylindrolobus} in Gaoligong Mountain, northwest Yunnan. After
careful morphological investigation, we concluded that this species is
new to science. Besides, we collected its close species,\emph{C.
arunachalensis} in Xizang and added detailed morphological description.

\textbf{Materials and methods}

Specimens and living plants of this new species and \emph{Cylindrolobus
arunachalensis} (A. N. Rao) A. N. Rao were collected from Gaoligong
Mountain, northwest Yunnan, and Motuo, southeast Xizang respectively.
Morphological characters of both orchid species were observed, measured
and photographed based on their living individuals. All voucher
specimens were deposited in the Herbaria of the Kunming Institute of
Botany (KUN), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the Yunnan Academy
of Forestry and Grassland (YAF). The living plants were kept in the
laboratory greenhouse of the Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS.

\textbf{Taxonomic treatment}

\emph{Cylindrolobus gaoligongensis} \begin{CJK}{UTF8}{gbsn}\textbf{J. D. Ya \& H. Jiang sp.
nov. (Fig.1) (高黎贡柱兰)}\end{CJK}\selectlanguage{english}

\textbf{Diagnosis} . \emph{Cylindrolobus gaoligongensis}is most similar
to \emph{C. arunachalensis} (A. N. Rao) A. N. Rao in floral morphology
but can be distinguished from it by having 5 veined lateral sepals (vs.
7 veined), lip mid-lobe orange to pink, triangular-ovate and apex
mucronate (vs. yellowish green reniform and apex emarginated), lip with
yellow to white long hairs (vs. purple red glandular hairs), disk with 2
central calli and connected to a keel toward mid-lobe (vs. disk with 3
lamellae), the base of disk with 3 rows white long hairs (vs. lateral
lamellae with purple red glandular hairs).

\textbf{Type.} CHINA. Yunnan: Nujiang prefecture, Gongshan county,
Dulongjiang, alt. 1229 m, epiphytic on the tree trunks in the
subtropical evergreen seasonal rainforest, 3 Mar. 2023, Ting Zhang et
al. Mar 23CS24126 (holotype: KUN!).

\textbf{Description}

Epiphytic herb. Roots terete, slender, pubescent, \emph{ca.} 0.5-1.0 mm
thick. Rhizome inconspicuous. Stem clustered, terete, narrowly
cylindric, thicker from base, 4-7-leaved apically, covered by
close-fitting sheaths, 15-25 cm long, 0.5-1.2 cm thick. Leaves
lanceolate, acuminate, 5-9 \selectlanguage{ngerman}× 1.4\selectlanguage{english}-2.0 cm. Inflorescences axillary,
pubescent, borne on near the apical of the stem, 3.0\selectlanguage{english}-5.5 cm long, 2
flowered; peduncle 1.3\selectlanguage{english}-1.8 cm long; floral bracts yellowish green to
reddish brown, fleshy, ovate-oblong, mucronate, concave, sparsely brown
tomentose both surface, ca. 1.5 x 0.9 mm. Flowers white, sepal
externally with brown tomentum, lip mid-lobe and calli orange to pink,
long hairs yellow to white; peduncle and ovary ca. 1.5\selectlanguage{english}-1.8 cm long,
densely brown tomentum. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 5
lateral sepals, ca. 1.7 x 0.5 cm; lateral sepals falcate-ovate, 5
veined, ca 1.4 x 0.8 cm, base oblique, abruptly contracted above middle,
apex mucronate, mentum subglobose and obtuse; petals lanceolate,
slightly oblique, acute, 3 veined, ca 1.7 x 0.8 cm; labellum obovate in
outline, curved, ca. 0.6 x 0.5 cm, 3-lobed; lateral lobes suberect,
oblong, ca. 0.6 x 0.3 cm, front margin little glandular hairs gradually
transition to densely long hairs 1-2 mm; mid-lobe small,
triangular-ovate, ca. 1.5 x 0.8 mm, apex mucronate; disk with 2 central
calli and connected to a keel toward mid-lobe, keel densely long hairs,
3 rows of long hairs from base of lip extend to base of calli. Column
semiterete, ca. 0.6 cm long, ventrally narrow winged; foot U-bent,
ca.1.0 cm. Anther cap hemispherical, ca. 2.0 x 1.6 mm; pollinia 8,
yellowish-white, compressed rectangular, posterior 4 smaller.

\textbf{Phenology:} Flowering from February to April.

\textbf{Distribution and habitat:} \emph{Cylindrolobus gaoligongensis}is
currently known from the northern Gaoligong Mountain, northwest Yunnan.
It is a predominantly epiphytic species that grows on tree trunks in the
subtropical evergreen seasonal rainforest at elevations from 1100m to
1600m.

\textbf{Etymology:} The new species is named after its type locality,
Gaoligong Mountain.

\textbf{Additional specimens examined (paratypes):}

CHINA. Yunnan: Nujiang Prefecture, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang,
Kunzhongtu village, 27deg47\selectlanguage{english}'46.04\selectlanguage{english}"N, 98deg19\selectlanguage{english}'43.6\selectlanguage{english}" E, alt. 1417 m, growing
on trees near the river, 13 Feb. 2023, H. Jiang and Q.-C. Liao, 12004
(KUN!, YAF!); Kunming, a voucher from cultivated plants at Kunming
Institute of Botany, CAS, 17 Feb 2023, J.-D. Ya BC230203, originally
collected in northwest Yunnan: Gongshan county, Dulongjiang, subtropical
evergreen seasonal rain forest, alt. 1200 m.

\textbf{Conservation status} : \emph{Cylindrolobus gaoligongensis} is
distributed in the northern Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve. We found
some populations with abundant individuals during our field expeditions.
The new species is considered as Least Concern (LC) according to the
IUCN Red List category (IUCN 2023).

\textbf{Supplementary andrevised descriptions of\emph{Cylindrolobus
arunachalensis}}

Cylindrolobus arunachalensis (A. N. Rao) A. N. Rao in Bulletin of
Arunachal Forest Research 26 (1\&2): 82-110, 2010. - \emph{Eria
arunachalensis} Nageswara Rao in J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 21(3):711.1997.
(Fig.2) (\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{gbsn}藏南柱兰\end{CJK}\selectlanguage{english})

\textbf{Type:} China, Xizang: Motuo, A. N. Rao 3018-A (orchid herbarium
Tipi-Holotype); A. N. Rao 3018-B (CAL-paratype)

\textbf{Description.} Epiphytic herb. Roots terete, slender,
pubescent,\emph{ca.} 0.5-1.5 mm thick. Rhizome inconspicuous. Stem
clustered, terete, slender, 2-5-leaved apically, covered by
close-fitting sheaths, 15-35 cm long, 3.0-8.0 mm thick. Leaves
lanceolate, acuminate, 6.0-12.0 \selectlanguage{ngerman}× 1.5\selectlanguage{english}-3.5 cm. Inflorescences axillary,
pubescent, borne on near the apical of the stem, 3.0\selectlanguage{english}-4.5 cm long, 2
flowered; peduncle 1.0\selectlanguage{english}-2.0 cm long; basal bracts 2, light brown,
membranous, lanceolate, ca.1.1 x 0.4 cm; floral bracts yellowish green,
fleshy, ovate-oblong, 1.2\selectlanguage{english}-1.6 x 1.0\selectlanguage{english}-1.2 cm, acute, concave, base
externally sparsely brown tomentose. Flowers white; peduncle and ovary
ca. 1.0\selectlanguage{english}-1.7 cm long, densely brown tomentum. Sepal externally densely
brown tomentum; dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 5 veined, ca.
1.6 x 0.5 cm; lateral sepals falcate-ovate, acute, 7 veined, ca. 1.4 x
1.0 cm, base adnate to column foot form a subglobose and obtuse mentum;
petals lanceolate, slightly oblique, acute, 3 veined, ca. 1.4 x 0.5 cm;
labellum yellowish green, obovate in outline, ca. 1.0 x 0.7 cm, 3-lobed;
lateral lobes suberect, subovate, ca. 0.6 x 0.3 cm, front margin densely
purple red long glandular hairs, mid-lobe reniform, ca. 4.0 x 1.5 mm,
apex emarginated, margin densely purple red long glandular hairs; disk
with 3 lamellae, central lamellae extending to mid-lobe and densely
yellow glandular hairs, lateral 2 reddish brown and running from the
base of disk to central lamellae, densely purple red glandular hairs,
thickened and glabrous in apical. Column semiterete, ca. 7.0 mm long,
ventrally narrow winged; foot U-bent, ca. 1.0 cm. Anther cap
hemispherical, ca. 1.6 x 1.6 mm, pollinia 8, yellowish-white, compressed
rectangular, anterior ca. 0.8 x 0.7 mm, posterior 4 smaller. Fl.
January-February.

\textbf{Phenology:} Flowering from January to February.

\textbf{Additional specimen examined:}

China. Xizang: Motuo, subtropical, evergreen broad-leaved forest, alt.
2000 m, 17 Jan. 2019, Ji-Dong Ya, Cheng Liu18HT2520.

\textbf{Discussion}

\emph{Cylindrolobus gaoligongensis} shares the same habitat with the
other two \emph{Cylindrolobus} species, \emph{C. motuoensis} and\emph{C.
glabriflorus} , in the northern Gaoligong Mountain, the two later
species were newly described from Motuo, southeastern Xizang and the
border region between China and Myanmar in 2019 (Ya et al. 2019). All
three species have similar slender and terete stems that are difficult
to identify without floral traits. To date, the
genus\emph{Cylindrolobus} consists of 9 species in the tropical and
subtropical regions of southwest China (Rao 1997, Chen et al. 2009, Hu
et al. 2010, Liu et al. 2013, Ya et al. 2019). The key to the Chinese
species of \emph{Cylindrolobus} is provided here.

Key to the Chinese species of \emph{Cylindrolobus}

1 Stems stout,
clavate\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}.2

-- Stems slender,
terete\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}4

2 Lip
yellow\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\emph{C.
cristatus}

-- Lip lateral lobes with purple edges, mid-lobe with lighter purple
edges

and patch
\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}3

3 Inflorescence glabrous, the lateral lobes bigger than
mid-lobe\ldots{}..\emph{C. clavicaulis}

-- Inflorescence pubescent, the lateral lobes smaller than
mid-lobe\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}..

\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}.\emph{C.
marginatus}

4 Inflorescence
glabrous\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}.5

-- Inflorescence pubescent
\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}.6

5 lip mid-lobe thickened and papillate on
margin\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}..\emph{.C.
tenuicaulis}

-- lip mid-lobe not thickened and smoothly on margin
\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\emph{C.
glabriflorus}

6 Flowers yellow
\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\emph{C.
foetidus}

-- Flowers
white\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}.7

7 Lip oblong and front margin
papillate\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}.\ldots{}\emph{C.
motuoensis}

-- Lip obovate and front margin with long hairs or long glandular
hairs\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}..8

8 lip mid-lobe triangular-ovate and apex
mucronate\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\emph{C.
gaoligongensis}

-- lip mid-lobe reniform and apex
emarginated\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}\ldots{}.\ldots{}\ldots{}..C.

\emph{arunachalensis}

\textbf{References}

Chen S. C., Vermeulen J. J., 2009. \emph{Cylindrolobus} Blume. In: Wu Z.
Y., Raven P. R. \& Hong D. Y. (Eds) Flora of China (Vol. 25). Science
Press, Beijing \& Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis: 249-250.

Hu H., Jin X. H., Sun Q., Sun X. G., 2010. A new record of Orchidaceae
from China. \emph{J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot.} 18: 401-402.
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.2010.04.012

IUCN, 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2.
https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on 24 February 2023.

Jin X. H., Zhao X. D., Shi X. C., 2009. Native orchids from
Gaoligongshan Mountains China. Science Press, Beijing.

John P. D., Jeremy M., Maureen E. F., Yang X. J., 2011. Avifauna of the
Gaoligong Shan Mountains of western China: A hotspot of avian species
diversity. \emph{Ornithological Monographs} 70: 30-63.
https://doi.org/10.1525/om.2011.70.1.30.

Li H., Li R., 2020. Plant resources and geography of the Gaoligong
Mountain in southeast Tibet. Wuhan: Hubei Science \& Technology Press.

Liu Q., Li J. W., Yin J. T., 2013. \emph{Eria clavicaulis} , a new
record of Orchidaceae from Yunnan, China. \emph{Guihuia} , 33(1): 70-71.
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-3142.2013.01.011

Ng Y. P., Schuiteman A., Pedersen H., Petersen G., Watthana S., Seberg
O., Pridgeon A. M., Cribb P. J. and Chase M. W., 2018. Phylogenetics and
systematics of \emph{Eria} and related genera (Orchidaceae:
Podochileae). \emph{Bot. J. Linn. Soc.} 186: 179-201.
https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/box088

POWO, 2021. Plants of the world online. Facilitated by the royal botanic
gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet.
http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/. (Accessed 24 February 2023).

Pridgeon A. M., Cribb P. J., Chase M. W., Rasmussen F. N., 2005. Tribe
Podochileae. In: Genera Orchidacearum 4, Epidendroideae (part one).
Oxford University Press, Oxford: 529-596.

Rao A. N., 1997. \emph{Eria arunachalensis} Nageswara Rao - a new orchid
from India. \emph{J. Econ. Tax. Bot.} 21(3): 711-713.

Ya J. D., Jin X. H., Liu C., 2019. Two new species
of\emph{Cylindrolobus} (Orchidaceae) from the eastern
Himalayas.\emph{PhytoKeys} 130: 107-113.
https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.130.33989\selectlanguage{english}
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