GO analysis and KEGG analysis
Gene Ontology (GO) is an internationally standardized gene function classification system that comprehensively describes the properties of any biological gene and its products by using a dynamically updated controlled vocabulary and strictly defined concepts. In this study, significant DE genes between different groups of samples were subjected to GO terms for the three parts, molecular function (MF), biological process (BP), and cell component(CC) through the standard vocabulary provided by Gene Ontology (http://www.geneontology.org).) enrichment analysis to calculate the hypergeometric distribution relationship between DE genes and several specific branches in the GO classification to explore which gene function changes may be related to DE genes in different samples. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) is a database that systematically analyzes gene functions, links genomic information and functional information, and the pathway database is the most widely used. Pathway analysis of DE genes was used to find the metabolic pathways enriched in DE genes, and to clarify which metabolic pathways may lead to the differential expression of genes between different groups of samples. GO analysis and pathway analysis utilized hypergeometric tests to calculate P-values, which represent the importance of condition-related pathways or GO terms enriched in DE genes. The lower the P value, the more significant the GO term or pathway (recommended cutoff value 0.05).