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\begin{document}

\title{PoroFluidics: Deterministic fluid control in porous microfluidics}



\author[1]{Zhongzheng Wang}%
\author[1]{Louis Jun Ye Ong}%
\author[2]{Yixiang Gan}%
\author[3]{Jean-Michel Pereira}%
\author[4]{Jun Zhang}%
\author[1]{Yi-Chin Toh}%
\author[1]{Emilie Sauret}%
\affil[1]{School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology}%
\affil[2]{School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney}%
\affil[3]{Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS}%
\affil[4]{Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 14, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Microfluidic devices with open lattice structures, equivalent to a type
of porous media, allow for the manipulation of fluid transport processes
while having distinct structural, mechanical, and thermal properties.
However, a fundamental understanding of the design principles for the
solid structure in order to achieve consistent and desired flow patterns
remains a challenge, preventing its further development and wider
applications. Here, through quantitative and mechanistic analyses of the
behavior of multi-phase phenomena that involve gas-liquid-solid
interfaces, we present a design framework for a new class of
microfluidic devices containing porous architectures (referred to as
poroFluidics) for deterministic control of multi-phase fluid transport
processes. We show that the essential properties of the fluids and
solid, including viscosity, interfacial tension, wettability, as well as
solid manufacture resolution, can be incorporated into the design to
achieve consistent flow in porous media, where the desired spatial and
temporal fluid invasion sequence can be realized. Experiments and
numerical simulations reveal that different preferential flow pathways
can be controlled by solid geometry, flow conditions, or fluid/solid
properties. Our design framework enables precise, multifunctional, and
dynamic control of multi-phase transport within engineered porous media,
unlocking new avenues for developing cost-effective, programmable
microfluidic devices for manipulating multi-phase flows.~%
\end{abstract}%



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