Variables |
Yes (n=21) |
No (n=232) |
p value
(OR) |
Yes (n=17) |
No (n=159) |
p value
(OR) |
Age, years, median (IQR) |
71 (22) |
68 (25) |
0.09 |
71 (26) |
69 (26) |
0.5 |
Gender, male, n (%) |
13 (62) |
104(45) |
0.1 |
10 (58.8) |
71 (44.7) |
0.3 |
Duration of hospitalisation (days), median (IQR) |
11 (10) |
9.5 (10) |
0.03 |
11 (10) |
10 (10) |
0.4 |
Comorbidities, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diabetes mellitus |
7 (33.3) |
68/230 (29.6) |
0.7 |
5 (29.4) |
51 (32) |
0.8 |
Hypertension |
13 (62) |
130/228 (57) |
0.7 |
10 (58.8) |
92 (58.6) |
1 |
Coronary heart disease |
10 (47.6) |
38/228 (16.7) |
0.001
(11.8) |
7 (41.2) |
31 (19.7) |
0.04
(4.1) |
Chronic renal failure |
4 (19) |
30 (13) |
0.4 |
4 (23.5) |
33 (22) |
0.9 |
Chronic obstructive lung disease |
4 (19) |
37/229 (16.2) |
0.7 |
4
(23.5) |
24 (15.3) |
0.4 |
Malignancy |
3 (14.3) |
21/231 (9) |
0.4 |
3 (17.6) |
11 (7) |
0.12 |
Vaccination history |
5/13 (38.5) |
65/136 (48) |
0.5 |
4/10 (40) |
45/96 (47) |
0.7 |
Disease severity, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NIH score 3 (severe) |
3 (14.3) |
119 (51.3) |
0.001
(10.6) |
1 (6) |
81 (61) |
<0.001
(12.5) |
NIH score 4 (critical) |
18 (85.7) |
113 (48.7) |
|
16 (94) |
78 (49) |
|
Vaccination counts, median (IQR) |
3 (1.5) |
2 (1) |
0.028 |
2.5 (1.75) |
2 (1) |
1 |
mcHIS score, median (IQR) |
4 (2) |
3 (2) |
<0.001 |
4 (2) |
3 (2) |
0.001 |
Laboratory results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, median (IQR) |
5.6 (10.5) |
5.6 (5.8) |
0.002 |
4 (10.8) |
5.9 (6.7) |
0.7 |
Hemoglobin (g/L), mean±SD |
12.6±1.7 |
13.3±2.2 |
0.6 |
12.4±1.5 |
13.3±2.2 |
0.03 |
Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) |
0.94 (0.73) |
0.84 (0.48) |
0.5 |
0.94 (0.67) |
0.85 (0.53) |
0.7 |
Prokalsitonin (pg/dL), median (IQR) |
0.2 (0.7) |
0.2 (0.43) |
0.7 |
0.12 (1.1) |
0.2 (0.45) |
|
C-reactive protein (mg/L), median (IQR) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
118 (123) |
108 (107) |
0.4 |
110 (106) |
107 (119) |
0.9 |
2 |
212.5 (121) |
137.5 (95) |
0.012 |
212.5 (113) |
135
(98) |
<0.001 |
3 |
87.4 (144) |
11.5 (64) |
0.5 |
121 (152) |
11.4 (75) |
0.014 |
Ferritin (pg/mL), median (IQR) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
204.5 (603) |
371 (545) |
0.08 |
172 (223) |
336 (544) |
0.04 |
2 |
714 (735) |
546 (867) |
<0.001 |
694 (735) |
532 (853) |
0.4 |
3 |
551.4 (695) |
331.5 (483) |
0.007 |
551 (680) |
331.5 (483) |
0.044 |
D-dimer (pg/mL), median (IQR) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1.44 (2) |
1.15 (1.1) |
0.04 |
0.75 (1.95) |
1.2
(1.1) |
0.4 |
2 |
21 (28) |
2.7 (7.3) |
0.002 |
23.8 (25) |
2.56 (6.2) |
<0.001 |
3 |
5.6 (32.7) |
1.2 (2.3) |
0.15 |
19.7 (32) |
1.18 (1.9) |
<0.001 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L), median (IQR) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
418 (268) |
409 (215) |
0.7 |
418 (154) |
398 (207) |
0.8 |
2 |
655 (487) |
476 (271) |
<0.001 |
663 (540) |
490 (277) |
0.038 |
3 |
482 (518) |
348 (169) |
0.03 |
482 (506) |
351 (164) |
0.012 |
Outcomes, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severe infection |
7 (33.3) |
38/221 (17.2) |
0.07 |
7 (41) |
31/153
(20.3) |
0.05 (3.9) |
Pneumothorax |
1 (4.8) |
2/227 (0.9) |
0.1 |
1 (6) |
1/157 (0.6) |
0.054 |
Treatment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anakinra |
7 (5) |
132 (95) |
0.038 (4.3) |
3 (17.6) |
85 (53.5) |
0.005 (7.9) |
SoC |
14 (12.3) |
100 (87.7) |
|
14 (82.4) |
74 (46.5) |
|
ICU requirement |
10 (47.6) |
70 (30.2) |
0.1 |
8 (47) |
49 (31) |
0.17 |
Mortality |
13 (62) |
65 (28) |
0.001 (10.4) |
11 (64.7) |
44 (27.7) |
0.002 (9.8) |