Analysis Before PS Matching
We included 114 patients in SoC and 139 patients in Anakinra group into the study. Baseline clinical and laboratory features of the patients were described in table 1. Frequency of male gender (51.8% vs 39.5%, p=0.05; Odds ratio [OR]: 3.8), chronic renal failure (CRF) (20% vs 5.3%, p=0.001; OR: 11.9), critical illness (61.2% vs 40.4%, p=0.001, OR:10.9) were higher in Anakinra group than SoC. Additionally, median (IQR) duration of hospitalization (11 [12] vs 9 [7.3] days; p=0.03), mcHIS scores (p<0.001), baseline NLR (p=0.002) and d-dimer levels (p=0.04), peak levels of CRP (p=0.012), ferritin (p<0.001), d-dimer (p=0.002), LDH (p<0.001) levels were higher in Anakinra receiving patients than SoC.
Development of any thromboembolic event (5% vs 12.3%, p=0.038; OR:4.3) and PTE (2.9% vs 9.6%, p=0.023; OR:5.1) were lower in Anakinra group than SoC. No patient experienced CVA and/or clinically evident DVT both in two arms. Although severe infection, pneumothorax and MI were not different between two arms (p=0.1, p=0.1, and p=0.2, respectively); ICU admission (39.6% vs 22%, p=0.003; OR:9) and mortality (36.7% vs 27%, p=0.026; OR:) were higher in Anakinra group compared to SoC before PS matching analysis (table 1).
Patients experienced any thromboembolic event had longer duration of hospitalization (p=0.03), higher vaccination counts (p=0.028), more frequent CHD (p=0.001; OR:11.8), critical disease (p=0.001; OR:10.6), higher mcHIS scores (p<0.001), lower NLR (p=0.002) and higher baseline d-dimer levels (p=0.04), higher peak levels of CRP (p=0.012), ferritin (p<0.001), d-dimer (p=0.002), and LDH (p<0.001). Development of thrombosis was also higher in patients had mortality (62% vs 28%, p=0.001; OR:10.4) in univariate analysis (table 2). Patients developed PTE had longer duration of hospitalization (p=0.03), higher vaccination counts (p=0.03), critical disease (p=0.005; OR:7.8), higher mcHIS scores (p<0.001), and higher baseline d-dimer levels (p=0.04), higher peak levels of CRP (p=0.012), ferritin (p<0.001), d-dimer (p=0.002), and LDH (p<0.001). Development of PTE was also higher in patients had severe infection (p=0.028; OR:4.8), pneumothorax (p=0.046; OR:4), MI (p<0.001; OR:12.6), and SoC (p=0.023; OR: 5.1) in univariate analysis (table 3). In multivariate analysis, peak d-dimer levels (p<0.001, OR:1.1, 95% Confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.16), critical illness (p=0.044, OR:9.5, 95% CI: 1.06-85.5), and SoC (compared to Anakinra) (p=0.002, OR:11.2, 95% CI: 2.47-51.1) were associated with development of any thromboembolic event (supplementary table).