Variables |
Yes (n=15) |
No (n=238) |
p value
(OR) |
Yes (n=14) |
No (n=162) |
p value
(OR) |
Age, years, median (IQR) |
71 (23) |
68.5 (25) |
0.09 |
68.5 (22) |
69.5
(27) |
0.9 |
Gender, male, n (%) |
8 (53.3) |
109 (45.8) |
0.6 |
8 (57) |
73 (45) |
0.4 |
Duration of hospitalisation (days), median (IQR) |
10 (5) |
10 (10) |
0.03 |
10.5 (5.75) |
10 (10) |
0.6 |
Comorbidities, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diabetes mellitus |
3 (20) |
72/236 (30.5) |
0.4 |
3 (21.4) |
53 (32.7) |
0.4 |
Hypertension |
8 (53.3) |
135/234 (57.7) |
0.7 |
8 (57) |
94/160 (58.8) |
0.9 |
Coronary heart disease |
5 (33.3) |
43/234 (18.4) |
0.16 |
5 (35.7) |
33/160 (20.6) |
0.2 |
Chronic renal failure |
3 (20) |
31 (13) |
0.4 |
3 (21.4) |
21 (13) |
0.4 |
Chronic obstructive lung disease |
3 (20) |
38/235 (16.2) |
0.7 |
3
(21.4) |
25/160 (15.6) |
0.6 |
Malignancy |
2 (13.3) |
22/237 (9.3) |
0.6 |
2 (14.3) |
12 (7.4) |
0.4 |
Vaccination history |
4/10 (40) |
66/139 (47.5) |
0.6 |
4/9 (44.4) |
45/97 (46.4) |
0.9 |
Disease severity, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NIH score 3 (severe) |
2 (13.3) |
120 (50.4) |
0.005
(7.8) |
1 (7) |
81 (50) |
0.002 (9.5) |
NIH score 4 (critical) |
13 (86.7) |
118 (49.6) |
|
13 (93) |
81 (50) |
|
Vaccination history, median (IQR) |
2.5 (1.75) |
2 (1) |
0.03 |
2.5 (1.75) |
2 (1) |
1 |
mcHIS score, median (IQR) |
4 (2) |
3 (2) |
<0.001 |
4.5 (2) |
3 (2) |
0.002 |
Laboratory results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, median (IQR) |
7.6 (12.2) |
5.6 (5.7) |
0.5 |
7.5 (12) |
5.8 (6.5) |
0.8 |
Hemoglobin (g/L), mean±SD |
12.6±1.9 |
13.3±2.1 |
0.6 |
12.2±1.5 |
13.6±2.2 |
0.02 |
Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) |
0.94 (0.7) |
0.84 (0.5) |
0.5 |
1
(0.7) |
0.85 (0.52) |
0.6 |
Prokalsitonin (pg/dL), median (IQR) |
0.13 (0.5) |
0.2 (0.43) |
0.7 |
0.1 (1.1) |
0.2 (0.45) |
0.7 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L), median (IQR) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
110 (110) |
108 (105) |
0.4 |
114 (120) |
107 (118) |
0.6 |
2 |
212.5 (122) |
138.6 (96) |
0.012 |
216 (119) |
136.5
(97.4) |
<0.001 |
3 |
87.4 (158) |
11.6 (68) |
0.5 |
91 (160) |
11.6 (80.5) |
0.1 |
Ferritin (pg/mL), median (IQR) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
203 (413) |
379 (543.5) |
0.08 |
172.4 (223) |
336 (544) |
0.04 |
2 |
693.6 (739) |
552 (863) |
<0.001 |
633
(800) |
545.7 (853) |
0.6 |
3 |
551.4 (614) |
335.5 (487) |
0.007 |
533.7 (699) |
333 (486) |
0.18 |
D-dimer (pg/mL), median (IQR) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
1.1 (4.8) |
1.17 (1.1) |
0.04 |
0.75 (1.95) |
1.2
(1.1) |
0.4 |
2 |
31.8 (18.2) |
2.7 (7.4) |
0.002 |
33.4 (18.6) |
2.6
(6.3) |
<0.001 |
3 |
22.3 (31.5) |
1.2 (2.3) |
0.15 |
27 (31) |
1.2 (1.9) |
<0.001 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L), median (IQR) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
428.5 (207) |
409 (219) |
0.7 |
418 (154) |
398 (207) |
0.8 |
2 |
633 (426) |
477 (282) |
<0.001 |
615.5
(468) |
496 (282) |
0.16 |
3 |
482 (495) |
348 (171) |
0.03 |
472 (517) |
355 (166) |
0.044 |
Outcomes, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severe infection |
6 (40) |
39/227 (17.2) |
0.028 (4.8) |
6 (43) |
32/156 (20.5) |
0.055 |
Pneumothorax |
1 (6.7) |
2/233 (0.9) |
0.046 (4) |
1 (7) |
1/160 (0.6) |
0.03 (4.8) |
Myocardial infarction |
3 (20) |
6 (2.5) |
<0.001 (12.6) |
3 (21.4) |
3 (1.9) |
<0.001 (15) |
Treatment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anakinra |
4 (3) |
135 (97) |
0.023 (5.1) |
3 (3.4) |
85
(96.6) |
0.026 (5) |
SoC |
11 (9.6) |
103 (90.4) |
|
11 (12.5) |
77 (87.5) |
|
ICU requirement |
5 (33.3) |
75 (31.5) |
0.9 |
5 (35.7) |
52 (32) |
0.8 |
Mortality |
8 (53.3) |
70 (29.4) |
0.052 |
8 (57) |
47 (29) |
0.03 (4.7) |