Figure 1. Old mice showed significant improvement in brain function after four months of chronic treatment with crocetin
(A) Brain pharmacokinetics of crocetin formulation after a single dose (10 mg kg-1, n=5) and (B) after four months of dosing (10 mg kg-1, n=8). The quantity of crocetin in the brain, even after four months of dosing (was comparable to single dosing when the brain samples were isolated after four h of dosing. (C) Analysis of spatial memory behavior was done by using a radial arm maze after four months of dosing in old mice (n=7), and the following parameters were checked; Mean latency to the baited arm, baited arm time, entries to non-baited arms, and distance travelled to search their reward (D) Analysis of working memory by using radial arm maze in mice (n=7), following parameters were tested; Latency to the first entry to the baited arm, baited arm time, non-baited arm time, and entries to the baited arm. (E) Open field test was done in both sets of animals used for working and spatial memory (n=14), the behavior parameters analyzed included; Distance travelled, time mobile, centre time, corner time, average speed, and the number of vertical movement count. Data here are shown as mean ± SEM. The statistical significance was calculated by comparing the control and crocetin groups. The p-values were calculated using a two-tailed unpaired student-t test and are shown separately for each bar graph.