Figure 1. Old mice showed significant improvement in brain
function after four months of chronic treatment with crocetin
(A) Brain pharmacokinetics of crocetin formulation after a single dose
(10 mg kg-1, n=5) and (B) after four months of dosing
(10 mg kg-1, n=8). The quantity of crocetin in the
brain, even after four months of dosing (was comparable to single dosing
when the brain samples were isolated after four h of dosing. (C)
Analysis of spatial memory behavior was done by using a radial arm maze
after four months of dosing in old mice (n=7), and the following
parameters were checked; Mean latency to the baited arm, baited arm
time, entries to non-baited arms, and distance travelled to search their
reward (D) Analysis of working memory by using radial arm maze in mice
(n=7), following parameters were tested; Latency to the first entry to
the baited arm, baited arm time, non-baited arm time, and entries to the
baited arm. (E) Open field test was done in both sets of animals used
for working and spatial memory (n=14), the behavior parameters analyzed
included; Distance travelled, time mobile, centre time, corner time,
average speed, and the number of vertical movement count. Data here are
shown as mean ± SEM. The statistical significance was calculated by
comparing the control and crocetin groups. The p-values were calculated
using a two-tailed unpaired student-t test and are shown separately for
each bar graph.