Figure 3. Effect of Crocetin on electron transport chain in the brain cells of old mice
(A) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses of genes expression in hippocampi of control and crocetin-treated groups, all significant differentially expressed pathways are shown in the dot plot, categorized as BP (biological processes), CC (cellular component), and MF (molecular function). (B) KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes in hippocampi of control and crocetin groups. padj < 0.05 was determined to be significant for this analysis. LCMS-based quantification of (C) NAD+ and NADH, (D) ATP and AMP, and (E) Glucose in the brain of mice from control and crocetin groups. Data are shown as mean ± SEM and statistical significance was calculated by comparing the control and crocetin groups. p-values were calculated using a two-tailed unpaired student-t test and are shown for each bar graph in the figure.