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\begin{document}

\title{Integrated Effects of Site Hydrology and Vegetation on Exchange Fluxes
and Nutrient Cycling at a Coastal Terrestrial-Aquatic Interface}



\author[1]{Bing Li}%
\author[2]{Zhi Li}%
\author[3]{Jianqiu Zheng}%
\author[2]{Peishi Jiang}%
\author[4]{James Holmquist}%
\author[2]{Peter Regier}%
\author[2]{Glenn Edward Hammond}%
\author[3]{Nicholas Ward}%
\author[5]{Teri O'Meara}%
\author[2]{Stephanie C. Pennington}%
\author[5]{Wei Huang}%
\author[6]{Patrick Megoniigal}%
\author[3]{Vanessa Bailey}%
\author[3]{Xingyuan Chen}%
\author[4]{Roy Rich}%
\author[3]{Allison Myers-Pigg}%
\affil[1]{PNNL}%
\affil[2]{Pacific Northwest National Laboratory}%
\affil[3]{Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (DOE)}%
\affil[4]{Smithsonian Environmental Research Center}%
\affil[5]{Oak Ridge National Laboratory}%
\affil[6]{Smithsonian Research Center}%


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  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The complex interactions among soil, vegetation, and site hydrologic
conditions driven by precipitation and tidal cycles control
biogeochemical transformations and bi-directional exchange of carbon and
nutrients across the terrestrial-aquatic interfaces (TAIs) in the
coastal regions. This study uses a highly mechanistic model,
ATS-PFLOTRAN, to explore how these interactions impact the material
exchanges and carbon and nitrogen cycling along a TAI transect in the
Chesapeake Bay region that spans zones of open water, coastal wetland
and upland forest. Several simulation scenarios are designed to parse
the effects of the individual controlling factors and the sensitivity of
carbon cycling to reaction constants derived from laboratory
experiments. Our simulations revealed a hot zone for carbon cycling
under the coastal wetland and the transition zones between the wetland
and the upland. Evapotranspiration is found to enhance the exchange
fluxes between the surface and subsurface domains, resulting in higher
dissolved oxygen concentration in the TAI. The transport of organic
carbon decomposed from leaves provides additional source of organic
carbon for the aerobic respiration and denitrification processes in the
TAI, while the variability in reaction rates mediated by microbial
activities plays a dominant role in controlling the heterogeneity and
dynamics of the simulated redox conditions. This modeling-focused
exploratory study enabled us to better understand the complex
interactions of various system components at the TAIs that control the
hydro-biogeochemical processes, which is an important step towards
representing coastal ecosystems in larger-scale Earth system models.%
\end{abstract}%



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