iv) Tests of correlated evolution
We performed tests for correlated evolution between larval social
behaviour and the other larval and host plant traits, whilst controlling
for phylogenetic effects, using MCMCglmm (Hadfield 2010). We ran MCMC
models for 5.1 million iterations, with a 0.1 million burn-in and sample
storage frequency of every 500 iterations, with significance of the
model calculated as the probability of the parameter value being
different from zero (PMCMC ). We also report each
model cofactor’s posterior mean (P-mean) and its 95% confidence
intervals (CI). All analyses were performed using uninformative,
parameter expanded priors for the random effect (G: V = 1, nu = 1,
alpha.mu = 0, alpha.V = 1,000; R: V = 1, nu = 0.002) and default priors
for the fixed effects. Finally, the Heliconiini dataset on host plant
use could potentially contain some uncertainty as it combines records
from geographically disperse Heliconiini species. Host plant use can
vary across populations of single Heliconiini species (e.g. Merrill et
al., 2013), potentially leading to overestimations in host use numbers
for some species when data are combined over wide geographical ranges.
We therefore also performed a more taxonomically limited analysis of a
well studied community of 14 Heliconiini and nine Passifloraspecies in Panama (Merrill et al., 2013), as described above.