i) Phylogenies and species lists
We obtained two lists of 52 and 75 butterfly species within the Heliconiini tribe from phylogenies used in Cicconardi et al. (2022) and Kozak et al. (2015) respectively. For our primary analyses we use Kozak et al.’s phylogeny (Figure 1A), as this incorporates a larger total number of species. However, we also repeated all analyses using Cicconardi et al.’s phylogeny (see Appendix for these results), as this is based on a greater amount of molecular data, and has some minor topological differences, but contains fewer species.