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\title{Arctic freeboard and snow depth from near-coincident CryoSat-2 and
ICESat-2 (CRYO2ICE) observations: A first examination of winter sea ice
during 2020-2022 (accepted)~ ~}



\author[1]{Renée Mie Fredensborg Hansen}%
\author[2]{Henriette Skourup}%
\author[3]{Eero Rinne}%
\author[4]{Knut Vilhelm Høyland}%
\author[5]{Jack Christopher Landy}%
\author[6]{Ioanna Merkouriadi}%
\author[7]{Rene Forsberg}%
\affil[1]{Technical University of Denmark}%
\affil[2]{National Space Insitute, DTU Space}%
\affil[3]{University Centre of Svalbard (UNIS)}%
\affil[4]{Norwegian University of Science and Technology}%
\affil[5]{University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway}%
\affil[6]{Finnish Meteorological Institute}%
\affil[7]{Danmarks Tekniske Universitet}%


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  \date{June 15, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
In the summer of 2020, ESA changed the orbit of CryoSat-2 to align
periodically with NASA's ICESat-2 mission, a campaign known as CRYO2ICE,
which allows for near-coincident CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 observations in
space and time over the Arctic until summer 2022, where the CRYO2ICE
Antarctic campaign was initiated. This study investigates the Arctic
CRYO2ICE radar and laser freeboards acquired by CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2,
respectively, during the winter seasons of 2020--2022, and derives snow
depths from their differences along the orbits. Along-track snow depth
observations can provide high-resolution snow depth distributions which
are vital for air-ice-ocean heat and momentum transfer, understanding
light transmission, and snow-ice-interactions. Generally, ICESat-2 is
backscattered at a surface above the elevation of the CryoSat-2 signal.
CRYO2ICE snow depths are thinner than the daily model- or
passive-microwave-based snow depth composites used for comparison, with
differences being most pronounced in the Atlantic and Pacific Arctic.
Satellite-derived and model-based snow estimates show similar seasonal
accumulation over FYI, but CRYO2ICE has limited seasonal accumulation
over MYI which is linked to a slow increase in ICESat-2, and to some
extent CryoSat-2, freeboards. We present a first estimation of
along-track snow depth estimates with average uncertainty of 9 +/- 3 cm
for 7-km segments, with random and systematic contributions of 7 and 4
cm. These observations show the potential for along-track dual-frequency
observations of snow depth from the future Copernicus mission CRISTAL;
but they also highlight uncertainties in radar penetration and the
correlation length scales of snow topography that still require further
research.~%
\end{abstract}%



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\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Supporting-Information-for-CRYO2ICE-RMFH-final-revisions-ESS-after-revisions/Supporting-Information-for-CRYO2ICE-RMFH-final-revisions-ESS-after-revisions}
\caption{{This is a caption
{\label{143518}}%
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\end{figure}

Submitted to GRL: 06th of June 2023, peer-reviewed, transferred to Earth
and Space Science on 26th of September 2023.~

Transferred to Earth and Space Science (AGU): 26th of September 2023,
peer-reviewed, accepted on 30th of March 2024.~

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