COVID-19
Since 2019, COVID-19 has become/been a major threat to global health. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may have not only acute respiratory distress syndrome [101], but also acute heart injury, heart failure, inflammation leading to sepsis, and multiple organ dysfunction [102]. As an RNA virus, its replication process is prone to mutation. Although most structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are conserved in the corona virus family, the sequence similarity can reach 90%. However, small sequence changes will have a huge impact on the structure and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. For example, the N501Y substitution of spike protein increases the binding affinity between RBD and ACE2 receptor in the structural proteins that make up SARS-CoV-2, thus improving the transmission rate [103,104]. The P71L mutation of envelope protein was statistically associated with disease severity and mortality [105].