Methods
Study design and participants
9782 ARIs children were gathered from pediatric patients aged < 14 years who were diagnosed at Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. According to the criteria of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the inclusion criteria were: (1) children < 18 years; (2) verified fever with a body temperature exceeding 37.5℃; (3) one or more respiratory symptoms during the 14-day commencement (cough, sore throat, sputum, shortness of breath, lung auscultation abnormality (rale or wheeze), tachypnea, and chest pain)[11]. Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria were children: (1) having more than a visit during a week; (2) having a hospital infection; (3) with congenital pulmonary airway malformation and an impaired immune system; (4) being infected with COVID-19. These patients were screened for several respiratory pathogens. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (2021006).