Eligibility criteria
RCTs from the earliest record to November 30, 2022, that evaluated postbiotics in pediatric patients with AD were included. The intervention should involve postbiotics compared to other postbiotic preparations or placebo. No restrictions were made on the strain type, dose, and treatment length.
The primary outcome was a relief of AD symptoms which may be reported using several scoring systems such as SCORAD, EASI, POEM, Pruritus-NRS, TIS, IGA, and SASSAD.18-22 While scoring systems attribute different weights for various symptoms, lower scores always indicate less severe AD. The secondary outcome was the adverse event occurrences (AEO), defined as any untoward medical condition observed among study participants during postbiotic administration.
Studies where participants had concomitant diseases were excluded. Quasi-randomized trials and observational studies were excluded.