Summary measures
Effect sizes for the efficacy outcome were summarized using Standardized
Mean Difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) since studies
used different AD relief indices. Safety data was summarized using
relative risk (RR) and 95% CI. Interval plots were generated to
visualize the efficacy and safety effect estimates for the different
postbiotic preparations compared to placebo. Forest plots were generated
to inspect the relative effects of each strain-specific treatment.
A league table was generated for the outcomes, showing NMA summary
estimates with 95% CI. Ranking of interventions was assessed using
cumulative ranking probabilities and SUCRA values.