Study Country N (experimental, control) Age range Postbiotic intervention Dosage Mode of administration Treatment length Control group Outcome Assessment time intervals
Arkwright 2001 United Kingdom 41 (21, 20) 5 – 18 y MV3 (Heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae SRL 172) 0.3 mL Intradermal 3 mo Placebo SASSAD index, adverse events 1, 3 mo
Arkwright 2003 United Kingdom 56 (29, 27) 2 – 6 y MV1 (Heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae SRP 299) 10 mg/mL Intradermal 6 mo Placebo SASSAD index, adverse events§ 1, 3, 6 mo
Berth-Jones 2006 United Kingdom, Croatia 101 (52, 49) 5 – 16 y High dose MV1 (Heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae SRP 299)  Low dose (Heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae SRP 299) 1 mg 0.1 mg Intradermal 12 wk Placebo SASSAD index, adverse events 12, 24 wk
Bodemer 2017 France 179 (93, 86) 6 months – 7 years Mix (Lyophilized Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. viridans, S. pyogenes, Klebsiella ozaenae, K. pneumoniae, Neisseria catarrhalis) 3.5 mg Oral 9 mo Placebo Adverse events 1, 3, 6, 9 months
Brothers 2009 New Zealand 124 (61, 63) 5 – 16 years MV2 (Heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae AVAC) 250 µg/mL Intradermal 6 wk Placebo SASSAD index, adverse events 3, 6 months
D’Auria 2020 Italy 58 (29, 29) 6 – 36 mo LP1 (Heat-killed Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74) 8 g Oral 12 wk Placebo SCORAD index 4, 8, 12 weeks
Jeong 2020 South Korea 66 (33, 33) 1 – 12 years LR (Tyndallized Lactobacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201) 1010 CFU/day Oral 12 wk Placebo SCORAD index, adverse events 6, 12 weeks
 
Rather 2021 South Korea 42 (22, 20) 3 – 18 years LS (Heat-killed Lactobacillus sakei proBio65) 400 mg Oral 12 wk Placebo SCORAD index, adverse events 6, 12 weeks
Yan 2019 Taiwan 126 (64, 62) 4 – 30 months LP2 (Heat-treated Lactobacillus paracasei GM-080) 1010 CFU/day Oral 16 wk Placebo SCORAD index, adverse events 4, 10, 16 weeks