References
  1. Appleton CP, Kovács SJ. The role of left atrial function in diastolic heart failure. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2:6-9.
  2. Bowman AW, Kovács SJ. The left atrial conduit volume is generated by deviation from the constant-volume state of the left heart: a combined MRI-echocardiographic study. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2004; 286: H2416–H2424.
  3. Margulescu AD, Rees E, Coulson R-M, Rees AD, Vinereanu D, Fraser AG. Do left atrial strain and strain rate reflect intrinsic atrial function, or are they determined by left ventricular function? Kardiol Pol 2015; 73:539 – 548.
  4. Stefanadis C, Dernellis J, Toutouzas P. A clinical appraisal of left atrial function. Eur Heart J. 2001;22:22-36.
  5. Cameli M, Lisi M, Focardi M et al. Left atrial deformation analysis by speckle tracking echocardiography for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes. Am J Cardiol 2012; 110:264– 269.
  6. Cameli M, Lisi M, Mondillo S, et al. Left atrial longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography correlates well with left ventricular filling pressures in patients with heart failure. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2010;8:14.
  7. Lin J, Ma H, Gao L et al. Left atrial reservoir strain combined with E/E’ as a better single measure to predict elevated LV filling pressures in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2020;18:11.
  8. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:604–612.
  9. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015;28:1–39.
  10. Fleiss JL. Reliability of measurements. In: The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments. New York: Wyley. 1986: 1-32.
  11. Iacoviello M, Puzzovivo A, Guida P et al. Independent role of left ventricular global longitudinal strain in predicting prognosis of chronic heart failure patients. Echocardiography. 2013;30:803-11. doi: 10.1111/echo.12142.
  12. Iacoviello M, Citarelli G, Antoncecchi V et al. Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain Measures Independently Predict Chronic Heart Failure Mortality. Echocardiography. 2016;33:992-1000. doi: 10.1111/echo.13199.
  13. Iacoviello M, Monitillo F, Citarelli G et al. Right ventriculo-arterial coupling assessed by two-dimensional strain: A new parameter of right ventricular function independently associated with prognosis in chronic heart failure patients. Int J Cardiol. 2017;241:318-321. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.04.051.
  14. Todaro MC, Choudhuri I, Belohlavek M, et al. New echocardiographic techniques for evaluation of left atrial mechanics. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;13:973-984.
  15. Dernellis JM, Stefanadis CI, Zacharoulis AA, Toutouzas PK. Left atrial mechanical adaptation to long-standing hemodynamic loads based on pressure-volume relations. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81:1138-43. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00134-9.
  16. Ancona R, Comenale Pinto S, Caso P et al.. Left atrium by echocardiography in clinical practice: from conventional methods to new echocardiographic techniques. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:451042. doi: 10.1155/2014/451042.
  17. Miglioranza MH, Badano LP, Mihăilă S, Peluso D, Cucchini U, Soriani N, Iliceto S, Muraru D. Physiologic Determinants of Left Atrial Longitudinal Strain: A Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking and Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Study in Healthy Volunteers. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016;29:1023-1034.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.07.011.
  18. Singh A, Addetia K, Maffessanti F, Mor-Avi V, Lang RM. LA Strain for Categorization of LV Diastolic Dysfunction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10:735-743. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.08.014.
  19. Singh A, Medvedofsky D, Mediratta A et al. Peak left atrial strain as a single measure for the non-invasive assessment of left ventricular filling pressures. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;35:23-32. doi: 10.1007/s10554-018-1425-y.
  20. Bytyçi I, Bajraktari G, Lindqvist P, Henein MY. Compromised left atrial function and increased size predict raised cavity pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2019;39:297-307. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12587.
  21. Andrea A, Caso P, Romano S, et al. Different effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on left atrial function in patients with either idiopathic or ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a two-dimensional speckle strain study. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:2738-2748.
  22. Reddy YNV, Obokata M, Egbe A, et al. Left atrial strain and compliance in the diagnostic evaluation of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21:891-900.