Fig. 2. CIM architecture.
Data validation is often not handled at the network level in cloud systems since it is more likely to be spread by network clients. Furthermore, because to a lack of ontologies and semantic technologies connected to the DR domain, these clients simply provide syntactic validation, which ensures that the data syntax is proper. Semantic validation, on the other hand, detects discrepancies in the data and guarantees that the data contains only relevant information.
The lack of semantic validation in data interchange reduces the data’s dependability. To solve this issue, whenever a payload is transferred, the CIM conducts semantic validation using SHACL shapes [22]. This validation allows developers to describe not only the structure of the payload but also the limitations that the data must meet and validate them without requiring specific interventions or code. It should be noted that the SHACL shapes language is a W3C standard.