8 Abbreviations
DMARDs Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
ARD Atoimmune rheumatic diseases
COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019
GC Glucocorticoids
BDMARDs Biological Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
CSDMARDs conventional synthetic Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
Anti-TNF Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor
ICU Intensive Care Units
Sars-cov-2 Syndrome coronavirus 2
WHO World Health Organisation
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
PROSPERO Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews
MeSH Medical Subject Headings
GRADE Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation
NOS Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale
RA Rheumatoid Arthritis
SLE Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
AS Ankylosing Spondylitis
CTD Connective Tissue Disease
PsA Psoriatic Arthritis
SSc Systemic Sclerosis
IL-6 Interleukin-6
TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
HCQ Hydroxychloroquine
IDSA The Infectious Diseases Society of America
9 Author contributions
QYS and SXZ contributed to the work
equally and should be regarded as co-first authors. QYS and SXZ designed
the study. SXZ, TC and JL searched the literature. QYS, HYZ and JL
selected the data. QYS, SXZ, BRZ and YZ analyzed the data. QYS and SXZ
wrote the manuscript. CG and CHW* contributed to manuscript revision,
read, and approved the submitted version.