Whole genome microsynteny of superrosids
The size of the matrix obtained from the microsynteny network construction was 16 × 21,326, which contained a binary presence/absence coding for each cluster in the synteny network (Table S16 ). A total of 15,413 and 15,119 synteny clusters were detected in Vitis riparia and V. vinifera , while the numbers of synteny clusters were detected in Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Tiarella polyphylla were 13,537 and 12,728 respectively (Fig. 3A). For the remaining 12 species, the number of synteny clusters varied significantly, ranging from 6,131 in Hibiscus cannabinus to 13,497 in Juglans regia . Moreover, dividing the above 16 species into three major groups, namely Vitales, Saxifragales, and core rosids (Fig. 3B), 14,675, 15,833, and 21,326 synteny clusters were detected in Saxifragales, Vitales, and core rosids, respectively, and 12,870 synteny clusters were shared among the three major groups. Interestingly, we found that the number of synteny clusters shared between Saxifragales and core rosids (1,433) was greater than that shared by Vitales and core rosids (990) or Vitales and Saxifragales (170) apart from the 12,870 synteny clusters.