5. Conclusion
By applying the background connectivity approach, this study considered the alterations of brain activities and connectivity and their roles in WM ageing. The findings revealed independent age-related changes between two functional features and identified that they exhibited counterbalanced impacts on age-related changes in WM performance, which provided a richer repertoire of brain dynamics in ageing, a possible explanation from connectivity on the brain compensation in ageing, with implications for a comprehensive understanding of higher cognitive functions and their alterations during ageing or disease-related processes.