Acknowledgements
We are deeply grateful to all staff in Noboribetsu Bear Park for their generous support. We wish to thank Hatsusaburo Ose and all the members of the Shiretoko Fishery Productive Association for their kind support. We thank all the members of the Shiretoko Nature Foundation and South Shiretoko Brown Bear Information Center for their generous support. We also thank all the people involved in sample collection. We are deeply appreciative to Dr. Kodzue Kinoshita in Wildlife Research Center Kyoto University Kinoshita for their perspective and input on the topic. We also acknowledge all of the people in Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University. This work was supported by Grant for Basic Science Research Projects from The Sumitomo Foundation (200561) and the Collaborative Research Program of Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University (2021-A-16), and funding from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-grants/index.html) KAKENHI Grant Number 19K06833 to MS (Michito Shimozuru), 21H02350 to TT, 21H02351 to JY, 22K14910 to HI, and 20H00420 to MIM.