\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{On the Lateral Entrainment Instability in the Inner Core Region of
Tropical Cyclones}



\author[1]{Ping Zhu}%
\author[2]{Jun A Zhang}%
\author[3]{Frank Marks}%
\affil[1]{Florida International University}%
\affil[2]{Hurricane Research Division, AOML, NOAA}%
\affil[3]{NOAA/AOML}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 15, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Entrainment of dry moat air with low equivalent potential temperature
laterally into the eyewall and rainbands is a unique turbulent process
in the inner-core region of a tropical cyclone (TC). By analyzing
in-situ aircraft measurements collected by the reconnaissance flights
that penetrated the eyewalls and rainbands of Hurricanes Rita (2005),
Patricia (2015), Harvey (2017), and Michael (2018), as well as numerical
simulations of Hurricanes Patricia (2015) and Michael (2018), we show
that the moat air entrained into the eyewall and rainbands meets the
instability criterion, and therefore, sinks unstably as a convective
downdraft. The resultant positive buoyancy fluxes are an important
source for the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the eyewall and
rainband clouds. This mechanism of TKE generation via lateral
entrainment instability should be included in the TKE-type turbulent
mixing schemes for a better representation of turbulent transport
processes in numerical forecasts of TCs.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`951843_0_art_file_10523633_rmn9fj.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/565837/articles/612711-on-the-lateral-entrainment-instability-in-the-inner-core-region-of-tropical-cyclones}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`951843_0_supp_10522329_rmmpzk.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/565837/articles/612711-on-the-lateral-entrainment-instability-in-the-inner-core-region-of-tropical-cyclones}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

