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\begin{document}

\title{Characteristics of Station-Derived Convective Cold Pools Over Equatorial
Africa}



\author[1]{Jannik Hoeller}%
\author[1]{Jan Olaf Haerter}%
\author[1]{Nicolas A. Da Silva}%
\affil[1]{Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research}%


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  \date{June 14, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Due to their potential role in organizing tropical mesoscale convective
systems, a better understanding of cold pool (CP) dynamics in such
regions is critical, particularly over land where the diurnal cycle
further concentrates convective activity. Numerical models help
disentangle the processes involved but often lack observational
benchmark studies. To close this gap, we analyze nearly 43 years of
five-minute resolution near-surface timeseries records from twelve
automatic weather stations across equatorial Africa. We identify 4289
CPs based on criteria for temperature and wind. The identified CP gust
fronts, which exhibit respective median temperature and specific
humidity decreases of 5.2 K and 2.8 g/kg, closely correlate with
satellite-observed brightness temperature discontinuities. Despite weak
diurnal variation in precipitation, observed CP occurrence shows a
pronounced diurnal cycle with an afternoon peak --- a finding we
attribute to low-level moisture conditions. Our findings can serve as
observational benchmark to improve simulations of CP organization.%
\end{abstract}%



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