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\begin{document}

\title{First authorship gender gap in the geosciences}



\author[1,1]{Tamara Pico}%
\author[2,2]{Paul Bierman}%
\author[3,3]{Sarah Richardson}%
\author[4,4]{Kevin Doyle}%
\affil[1]{Caltech}%
\affil[2]{University of Vermont}%
\affil[3]{Harvard University}%
\affil[4]{Diffeo}%


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  \date{June 15, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Although gender parity has been reached at the graduate level in the
geosciences, women remain a minority in top-level positions. First
authorship of peer-reviewed scholarship is a measure of academic success
and is often used to project potential in the hiring process. Given the
importance of first author publications for hiring and advancement, we
sought to quantify whether women are underrepresented as first authors
relative to their representation in the field. We compiled first author
names across 13 leading geoscience journals from January 2013 to April
2019 (n = 35,183). Using a database of 216,286 names from 79 countries,
across 89 languages, we classified the likely gender associated with
each author's given (first) name. We also estimated the gender
distribution of authors who publish using only initials, which may
itself be a strategy employed by some women to preempt perceived (and
actual) gender bias in the publication process. Female-author names
represent 13-30\% of all first authors in our database, and are
significantly underrepresented relative to the proportion of women in
early career positions (30-50\%). The proportion of female-name first
authors varies significantly by subfield, reflecting variation in
representation of women across subdisciplines. In geoscience, the
quantification of this first authorship gender gap supports the
hypothesis that the publication process; namely, achievement or
allocation of first authorship is biased by social factors, which may
modulate career success of women in the sciences.%
\end{abstract}%



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