Demographic data
All demographic data were accessed using the tidycensus package in R (23). Decennial census data were assigned based on year: 2003–2009 data were assigned to the 2000 Census, and 2010–2019 data were assigned to the 2010 Census. Ethnoracial groups were constructed using the following categories: non-Hispanic Asian alone (Asian), non-Hispanic Black alone (Black), Hispanic/Latino of any race (Latino), and non-Hispanic white alone (white). Census population-weighted tract centers of population were drawn from the census as well (24).