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\begin{document}

\title{Satellite ocean colour based Harmful Algal Bloom identification for
improved risk assessment and mitigation}



\author[1]{Marie Smith}%
\author[1]{Stewart Bernard}%
\affil[1]{CSIR}%


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  \date{June 14, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The aquaculture industry faces environmental threats from harmful algal
blooms (HABs), which have the potential to cause devastating economic
losses. Satellite earth observation offers a cost effective method for
operational monitoring of HABs over vast areas. Whilst the Chl-a
product, often used as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass, can be used to
indicate high biomass blooms, there is a clear need for value-added
products that not only alert on bloom presence, but also on the bloom
type and persistence. The high biomass nature of the South African
regional waters provide strong assemblage related spectral variability,
which can be exploited with the spectral bands of OLCI and MERIS. This
study demonstrates the identification of different phytoplankton types
relevant to the aquaculture industry of South Africa. Thresholds of the
reflectance peak in the red and NIR are related to phytoplankton count
data, in order to identify blooms that pose a high hypoxia and/or
toxicity risk. These techniques are applicable to both OLCI and MERIS
reflectance data and are routinely used by the aquaculture industry in
South Africa for timely risk assessment and mitigation. Application to
both MERIS and OLCI not only ensures future monitoring capability, but
also allows the creation of a historical risk climatology that can guide
the site selection of industries sensitive to the presence of HABs, such
as aquaculture farms and desalination plants.%
\end{abstract}%



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