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\begin{document}

\title{The diurnal dynamics of Gross Primary Productivity using observations
from the Advanced Baseline Imager on the Geostationary Operational
Environmental Satellites-R Series at an oak savanna ecosystem}



\author[1]{Anam Munir Khan}%
\author[2]{Paul Christopher Stoy}%
\author[3]{Joanna Joiner}%
\author[4]{Dennis D Baldocchi}%
\author[4]{Joseph G. Verfaillie}%
\author[5]{Min Chen}%
\author[6]{Jason A Otkin}%
\affil[1]{University of Wisconsin-Madison}%
\affil[2]{University of Wisconsin - Madison}%
\affil[3]{NASA GSFC}%
\affil[4]{University of California, Berkeley}%
\affil[5]{University of Wisconsin, Madison}%
\affil[6]{U. Wisconsin}%


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  \date{May 20, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is the largest flux in the global
carbon cycle and satellite-based GPP estimates have long been used to
study the trends and inter-annual variability of GPP. With recent
updates to geostationary satellites, we can now explore the diurnal
variability of GPP at a comparable spatial resolution to polar-orbiting
satellites and at temporal frequencies comparable to eddy covariance
(EC) tower sites. We used observations from the Advanced Baseline Imager
on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites - R series
(GOES-R) to test the ability of sub-daily satellite data to capture the
shifts in the diurnal course of GPP at an oak savanna EC site in
California, USA that is subject to seasonal soil moisture declines. We
optimized parameters for three models to estimate GPP. A light response
curve (LRC) achieved the lowest test mean absolute error for winter
(1.82 \selectlanguage{greek}µ\selectlanguage{english}mol CO\textsubscript{2} m\textsuperscript{-2}
s\textsuperscript{-1}), spring (2.51 \selectlanguage{greek}µ\selectlanguage{english}mol CO\textsubscript{2}
m\textsuperscript{-2} s\textsuperscript{-1}), summer (1.45 \selectlanguage{greek}µ\selectlanguage{english}mol
CO\textsubscript{2} m\textsuperscript{-2} s\textsuperscript{-1}), and
fall (1.25 \selectlanguage{greek}µ\selectlanguage{english}mol CO\textsubscript{2} m\textsuperscript{-2}
s\textsuperscript{-1}). The ecosystem experienced the largest shift in
daily peak GPP in relation to the peak of incoming solar radiation
towards the morning hours during the dry summers. The LRC and the
light-use efficiency model were in agreement with these patterns of
increasing shift of GPP towards the morning hours during the summer
months. Our results can help develop diurnal estimates of GPP from
geostationary satellites that are sensitive to fluctuating environmental
conditions during the day.%
\end{abstract}%



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