Figure Captions
Figure 1. Latent heat flux (LHF) is negative out-of-ocean for
(a) CYGNSS SDR2.0 2018-2022 and (b) GISS ModelE-2.1+MERRA2u/v. (c)
Difference b-a shows negative GISS biases in the eastern parts of ocean
basins, with positive biases (red, too much GISS-E2.1 flux) in the
western Pacific and Indian Ocean just off equator.
Figure 2. (a) Percent of timesteps (equivalent to percentage of
year) each location spends as an AR or (b) as ARgenesis. Latitude and
longitude grids are marked every 20°, with the CYGNSS ±38° domain marked
in pink. (c) CYGNSS and (d) GISS-E2.1+MERRA2u/v (±38°) : Relative
frequency of surface latent heat flux for AllAR (red), ARgenesis (blue),
or nonAR (yellow). There is greater latent heat flux out of the ocean
for Non-AR’s.
Figure 3. Exemplar moisture source using GISS-E2.1 VSD tracers
for an AR (pink inset) in the South Pacific in January 2021 during(a) ARgenesis and (b) AR at landfall. Anomaly between
blue/green greater moisture source during the AR and brown/tan greater
moisture source during climatology (c) ARgenesis and(d) AR at landfall.
Figure 4. Degrees equatorward of moisture (left column) source
for ARgenesis (purple), AllAR (red) and nonARs (grey) for global (a),
Pacific (b), and Atlantic (c). Bars are the standard deviation about the
mean. Transport distance for moisture (right column) for ARgenesis
(purple), AllAR (red) and nonARs (grey) for global (d), Pacific (e), and
Atlantic (f). Colored bars are the zonal average standard deviation
about the mean. Grey bars indicate the number of AllARs.