3. Application to Solar energy management on Earth
The components of the environment (atmosphere, land, oceans, etc.) have been heated by the Sun for billions of years and kept without dramatic heat accumulation. These environmental elements can be compared to the foods placed inside a refrigerator where the temperature is controlled. However, there are differences. The compressor present in Figure 1 that allows and speeds up thermal exchanges from cold inside to hot outside is replaced by the mechanical and mixing actions of chaotic turbulences in atmosphere (winds, streams, tornadoes, hurricanes, storms, etc.) and oceans (hot and cold streams) that dispatch heat within the whole environment. The condenser is replaced by the cold zone of the atmosphere where vapor condenses at dew temperature to form clouds from which the heat stored at the evaporation stage is released to space. The refrigerant present in the cooling circuit of the refrigerator is replaced by water, and the heat energy released during cloud formation is eliminated from the high atmosphere partly by radiation to space, partly by return to the surface via rain and snow. The whole process is schematized in Figure 2. It is important to note that the concentration of water molecules above clouds is much lower than below. This low concentration is favorable to radiation transmission to space according to the Beer-Lambert law, in contrast to the case of CO2,the concentration of which is not affected by condensation (Sirroco, 2018).