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\begin{document}

\title{Size Ranges of Magnetic Domain States in Tetrataenite}



\author[1]{Elias N. Mansbach}%
\author[2]{Jay Shah}%
\author[3]{Wyn Williams}%
\author[4]{Clara Maurel}%
\author[5]{James Bryson}%
\author[1]{Benjamin P Weiss}%
\affil[1]{Massachusetts Institute of Technology}%
\affil[2]{Massachuetts Institute of Technology}%
\affil[3]{University of Edinburgh}%
\affil[4]{CNRS, Aix Marseille Université}%
\affil[5]{University of Oxford}%


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  \date{June 14, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Paleomagnetic studies of meteorites constrain the evolution of magnetic
fields in the early solar system. These studies rely on the
identification of magnetic minerals that can retain stable
magnetizations over [?]4.5 billion years (Ga). The ferromagnetic mineral
tetrataenite (\selectlanguage{greek}\emph{γ}\selectlanguage{english}'-Fe\textsubscript{0.5}Ni\textsubscript{0.5}) is
found in iron, stony-iron and chondrite meteorite groups. Nanoscale
intergrowths of magnetostatically-interacting tetrataenite have been
shown to carry records of paleomagnetic fields. Tetrataenite can also
occur as isolated, non-interacting grains in many meteorite groups. Here
we study non-interacting tetrataenite to establish the grain size range
over which it can retain magnetization that is stable over solar system
history. We present the results of analytical calculations and
micromagnetic modelling of isolated tetrataenite grains with various
sizes and geometries. We find that tetrataenite forms a stable single
domain state for grain lengths between \textasciitilde{}10 and 160 nm
dependent on its axial ratio. It also possesses a magnetization
resistant to viscous remagnetization over the lifetime of the solar
system at 293 K. At smaller grain sizes, tetrataenite is
superparamagnetic while at larger grain sizes, tetrataenite's lowest
energy state is a lamellar two-domain state that is stable over Ga-scale
timescales. Unlike many other ferromagnetic minerals, tetrataenite does
not form a single-vortex domain state due to its large uniaxial
anisotropy. Our results show that both single domain and two-domain
tetrataenite carry extremely stable magnetization and therefore are
promising for paleomagnetic studies.%
\end{abstract}%



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