Figure 5 A. Schematic block diagram displaying major tectonic belts and morphotectonic features of eastern Turkey. Eastern Anatolia is squeezed (the dark arrows) between the northward advance of the Arabian Plate, and the resisting old oceanic lithosphere under the Black Sea is shortened, thickened, and elevated. The Pontide Range and the Southeastern Anatolian Orogenic Belt (SAOB) (the Bitlis-Zagros Mountains) underlain by old and rigid continental crust were thrust over eastern Anatolia and elevated with a higher rate (the pale arrows) because the ophiolitic mélange-accretionary complex underlying eastern Anatolia absorbs the bulk of N-S compression. Along the trust fronts, two narrow chains of fault-bound basins (NB and SB) were formed. The oblique faults (major strike-slip coupled with reverse slip displacements) give the basins their distinct parallelogram shapes and ramp basin characters (Fig 5B). The center of eastern Anatolia responded to the N-S compressional stress by protruded upward to form a central high (CH). Abbreviations: EAHP; the East Anatolian High Plateau, SAOB; the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic belt-the Bitlis-Zagros Mountains, SB, NB, the southern and northern basins, ST and NT; the southern and northern thrusts along with the peripheral mountains were thrust over the young basins. Figure 5 B. Schematic structural map of eastern Anatolia showing fault-bound chains of basins and centrally located structural high (the black line with arrows at both ends in Fig 5 B). The broken lines correspond to the trend lines of the mountain ranges. The short arrow between Kopdağ and Karlıova shows the direction of the geological cross-section in Fig 5C. The thin broken vertical lines connect the structural elements between the map and the block diagram in fig 5A and 5B. Abbreviations: Munzur D: The Munzur Mountains, Mt; mountains. Figure 5 C. Geological cross-section from eastern Anatolia to the Pontide Mountains along the cross-section direction shown in Figs 2 and 5B (modified from the cross-section provided by Ö. Şahintürk).