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\begin{document}

\title{Ocean acidification, a quantifiable process contributing to risk of
atmospheric and oceanic oxygen depletion and so possible human
extinction? A call for research}



\author[1]{Robert Brown}%
\affil[1]{McCarrison Society}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 16, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Every breath we take reminds us we require oxygen. Crucially, whilst
there is wider research into the oceanic impact of climate change,
including warming and acidification, and on oxygen content of oceans,
there is very little research into the specific impact of acidification
and related carbon dioxide changes on marine photosynthetic oxygen
production. Oceans are underappreciated. Marine sources provide 40-70\%
of our oxygen. Many post-Cambrian explosion historic extinction events
appear to be related to oxygen levels or anoxic ocean die-off. Were
research to be commissioned, that provides clear evidence of risk to
oceanic oxygen production and therefore atmospheric oxygen levels, the
conclusions could be far-reaching, including identifying potential
tipping points that may result in human extinction. The probability of
an inadequate human response to risks is increased by; time lags of
``many hundreds, if not thousands, of years'' in ocean warming and in
acidification; underestimation of the greater interdependence of marine
ecosystems; the non-visibility of change, combined with lack of public
comprehension that once major change `hysteresis' has taken place, it
may be impossible to reverse the ecological `regime change'.
Importantly, in the current `Anthropocene', net oxygen production from
land sources is now limited due to fossil fuel use, as well as farming
and logging practices, which recycle and or exploit reserves rather than
sequestering net carbon. The health of net oceanic global oxygen
production cannot be assumed from the presumed dominance of
photosynthetic marine bacteria in ocean blooms as the impact of
mixotrophs and anoxygenic bacteriochlorophyll photosynthetic bacteria is
often not represented in related system modelling. Currently, most
public focus is on global warming as reflected in weather and related
consequences, which are not viewed as immediate threats to day-to-day
life, living standards or indeed survival. In contrast, were research to
bear out the possibilities of oxygen depletion or potential for an
oxygen-related extinction risk, and particularly in relation to ocean
acidification, the danger may be better understood leading to more
cohesive public demand for action in finding alternative fuel sources.%
\end{abstract}%



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