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\begin{document}

\title{Geometry of the Butterknowle Fault at Bishop Auckland (County Durham,
UK), from gravity survey and structural inversion}



\author[1]{Rob Westaway}%
\author[1]{Sean Watson}%
\author[1]{Aaron Williams}%
\author[2]{Tom Harley}%
\author[1]{Richard Middlemiss}%
\affil[1]{University of Glasgow}%
\affil[2]{WSP}%


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  \date{June 17, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The Butterknowle Fault is a major normal fault of Dinantian age in
northern England, bounding the Stainmore Basin and the Alston Block.
This fault zone has been proposed as a source of deep geothermal energy;
to facilitate the design of a geothermal project in the town of Bishop
Auckland further investigation of its geometry was necessary and led to
the present study. We show using three-dimensional modelling of a dense
local gravity survey, combined with structural inversion, that this
fault has a ramp-flat-ramp geometry, \textasciitilde{}250 m of latest
Carboniferous / Early Permian downthrow having occurred on a fault
surface that is not a planar updip continuation of that which had
accommodated the many kilometres of Dinantian extension. The gravity
survey also reveals relatively low-density sediments in the hanging-wall
of the Dinantian fault, interpreted as porous alluvial fan deposits,
indicating that a favourable geothermal target indeed exists in the
area. This study demonstrates the value of gravity data for elucidating
geological structure, even in a well-studied region such as Britain, and
highlights the need to verify published structural interpretations as
future deep geothermal projects are designed. Future work of this type
might be undertaken more expeditiously using microelectromechanical
gravimeters.%
\end{abstract}%



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