Fig. 10: Arctic sea ice concentration (%) averaged over March 1985 to 2014 from (a) observations from the sea ice portal meereisportal.de (Grosfeld et al., 2016), (b) ensemble mean AWI-CM historical simulations, (c) ensemble mean AWI-CM historical simulation bias. (d) to (f) same as (a) to (c) but for September 1985 to 2014.