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\title{Examining the interaction between free-living bacteria and iron in the
global ocean}



\author[1]{Anh Le-Duy Pham}%
\author[2]{Olivier Aumont}%
\author[3]{Lavenia Ratnarajah}%
\author[4]{Alessandro Tagliabue}%
\affil[1]{Georgia Institute of Technology}%
\affil[2]{Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et approches numériques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7159 CNRS / IRD / Université Pierre et Marie Curie/MNHN}%
\affil[3]{Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool}%
\affil[4]{University of Liverpool}%


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  \date{May 17, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Marine free-living bacteria play a key role in the cycling of essential
biogeochemical elements, including iron (Fe), during their uptake,
transformation and release of organic matter. Similar to phytoplankton,
the growth of free-living bacteria is regulated by resources such as Fe,
and the low availability of these resources may influence bacterial
interactions with phytoplankton, causing knock-on effects for
biogeochemical cycling. Yet, knowledge of the factors limiting
free-living bacterial growth and their role within the Fe cycle is
poorly constrained. Here, we explicitly represent free-living bacteria
in a global ocean biogeochemistry model to address these questions. We
find that although Fe can emerge as proximally limiting in the tropical
Pacific and in high-latitude regions during summer, the growth of
free-living bacteria is ultimately controlled by the availability of
labile dissolved organic carbon. In Fe-limited regions, free-living
bacterial biomass is sensitive to their Fe uptake capability in
seasonally Fe-limitation regions and to their minimum Fe requirements in
regions perennially Fe-limited. Fe consumption by free-living bacteria
is significant in the upper ocean in our model, and their competition
with phytoplankton for Fe affects phytoplankton growth dynamics. The
impact of free-living bacteria on the Fe distribution in the ocean
interior is small due to a tight coupling between Fe uptake and release.
Moving forward, future work that considers particle-attached bacteria
and different bacterial metabolisms is needed to explore the broader
role of bacteria in ocean Fe cycling. In this context, the global
growing 'omics data from ocean observing programs can play a crucial
role.%
\end{abstract}%



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