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\begin{document}

\title{The Role of Slab Remnants in Modulating Free Subduction Dynamics: a 3-D
Spherical Numerical Study}



\author[1]{Fangqin Chen}%
\author[1]{D. Rhodri Davies}%
\author[2]{Saskia Goes}%
\author[2]{Lior Suchoy}%
\author[2]{Stephan C Kramer}%
\affil[1]{Australian National University}%
\affil[2]{Imperial College London}%


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  \date{May 23, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Seismic tomography of Earth's mantle images abundant slab remnants,
often located in close proximity to active subduction systems. The
impact of such remnants on the dynamics of subduction remains under
explored. Here, we use simulations of multi-material free subduction in
a 3-D spherical shell geometry to examine the interaction between
visco-plastic slabs and remnants that are positioned above, within and
below the mantle transition zone. Depending on their size, negatively
buoyant remnants can set up mantle flow of similar strength and length
scales as that due to active subduction. As such, we find that remnants
located within a few hundred km from a slab tip can locally enhance
sinking by up to a factor 2. Remnant location influences trench motion:
the trench advances towards a remnant positioned in the mantle wedge
region, whereas remnants in the sub-slab region enhance trench retreat.
These motions aid in rotating the subducting slab and remnant towards
each other, reducing the distance between them, and further enhancing
the positive interaction of their mantle flow fields. In this process,
the trench develops along-strike variations in shape that are dependent
on the remnant's location. Slab-remnant interactions may explain the
poor correlation between subducting plate velocities and subducting
plate age found in recent plate tectonic reconstructions. Our results
imply that slab-remnant interactions affect the evolution of subducting
slabs and trench geometry. Remnant-induced downwelling may also anchor
and sustain subduction systems, facilitate subduction initiation, and
contribute to plate reorganisation events.%
\end{abstract}%



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