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\begin{document}

\title{Wind and fetch dependence of gas transfer velocity in an Arctic sea-ice
lead determined from eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements}



\author[1]{John Prytherch}%
\affil[1]{Stockholm University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 09, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The air-water exchange of trace gases such as CO2 is usually
parameterized in terms of a gas transfer velocity, which can be derived
from direct measurements of the air-sea gas flux. The transfer velocity
of poorly soluble gases is driven by near-surface ocean turbulence,
which may be enhanced or suppressed by the presence of sea ice. A lack
of measurements means that air-sea fluxes in polar regions, where the
oceanic sink of CO2 is not well known, are generally estimated using
open-ocean transfer velocities scaled by ice fraction. Here, we describe
direct determinations of the CO2 gas transfer velocity from eddy
covariance flux measurements at a sea-ice lead during the summer-autumn
transition in the central Arctic Ocean. CO2 uptake by the lead water is
determined using flux footprint analysis of water-atmosphere and
ice-atmosphere flux measurements made under conditions (low humidity and
high CO2 signal) that minimise errors due to humidity cross-talk. The
mean gas transfer velocity over the lead is found to have a quadratic
dependence on wind speed: k660 = 0.189 U10\^{}2 which is 25 to 30\%
lower than commonly used open-ocean parameterizations. As such, current
estimates of polar ocean carbon uptake are likely to overestimate gas
exchange rates in typical summertime conditions of weak convective
turbulence. The gas transfer velocities also exhibit a dependence on the
dimension of the lead, via its impact on fetch length and hence sea
state. Scaling transfer velocity parameterizations for regional gas
exchange estimates will therefore require incorporating lead width data.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`agusupporting-information.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/530557/articles/598176-wind-and-fetch-dependence-of-gas-transfer-velocity-in-an-arctic-sea-ice-lead-determined-from-eddy-covariance-co2-flux-measurements}

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