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\begin{document}

\title{Lithospheric Control of Melt Generation Beneath the Rungwe Volcanic
Province, East Africa}



\author[1]{Emmanuel A. Njinju}%
\author[1]{D. Sarah Stamps}%
\author[2]{James Gallagher}%
\author[2]{Kodi Neumiller}%
\affil[1]{Virginia Tech}%
\affil[2]{OPeNDAP}%


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  \date{June 14, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The Rungwe Volcanic Province (RVP) is a volcanic center in an anomalous
region of magma-assisted rifting positioned within the magma-poor
Western Branch of the East African Rift (EAR). The source of
asthenospheric melt for the RVP is enigmatic, particularly since the
volcanism is highly localized, unlike the Eastern Branch of the EAR.
Some studies suggest the source of asthenospheric melt beneath the RVP
arises from thermal perturbations in the upper mantle associated with an
offshoot of the African Superplume flowing from the SW, while others
propose a similar mechanism, but from the Kenyan plume diverted around
the Tanzania Craton from the NE. Another possibility is decompression
melting from upwelling asthenosphere due to lithospheric modulated
convection (LMC) where the lithosphere is thin. We test the hypothesis
that asthenospheric melt feeding the RVP can be generated from LMC. We
develop a 3D thermomechanical model of LMC beneath the RVP and the
entire Malawi Rift that incorporates melt generation. We assume a rigid
lithosphere with laterally varying thickness and use non-Newtonian,
temperature-, pressure- and porosity-dependent creep laws of anhydrous
peridotite for the sublithospheric convecting mantle. We find
decompression melt associated with LMC upwelling (\textasciitilde{}3
cm/yr) occurs at a maximum depth of \textasciitilde{}150 km localized
beneath the RVP. We also suggest asthenospheric upwelling due to LMC
entrains plume materials that do not penetrate the transition zone into
the melt. Decompression melting associated with upwelling due to LMC may
also provide melt sources for other continental regions of thinned
lithosphere.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`njinju_et_al_2020_melt_generation_supporting-information.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/528602/articles/598831-lithospheric-control-of-melt-generation-beneath-the-rungwe-volcanic-province-east-africa}

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