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\begin{document}

\title{Mesoscale and Synoptic Scale Analysis of Narrow Cold Frontal Rainband
during a Landfalling Atmospheric River in California during January 2021}



\author[1]{Xun Zou}%
\author[1]{Jason M. Cordeira}%
\author[1]{Samuel M. Bartlett}%
\author[1]{Brian Kawzenuk}%
\author[1]{Shawn Roj}%
\author[2]{Christopher M Castellano}%
\author[3]{Chad W. Hecht}%
\author[4]{F. Martin Ralph}%
\affil[1]{University of California, San Diego}%
\affil[2]{Scripps Institution of Oceanography}%
\affil[3]{Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego}%
\affil[4]{SIO}%


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  \date{June 14, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Narrow cold-frontal rain bands (NCFR) often produce short-duration and
high-intensity precipitation that can lead to flooding and debris flow
in California (CA). On 27 January 2021, an atmospheric river (AR)
associated with an intense surface cyclone made landfall over coastal
northern CA, which featured a prominent NCFR. This study uses
high-resolution West WRF simulations to accurately resolve the gap and
core structure of the NCFR and provides reliable precipitation
estimations, compensating for limitations of radar and satellite
observations. This NCFR was supported by robust synoptic-scale
quasi-geostrophic (QG) forcing for ascent and frontogenesis. It
propagated southward from Cape Mendocino to Big Sur in 12 hours before
stalling and rotating counter-clockwise in central/southern CA due to
upstream Rossby wave breaking and amplifying upper-tropospheric trough.
With the lower to middle tropospheric flow backed considerably to the
south-southwest over the NCFR, the increase of the vertical wind shear
caused the transition from parallel to trailing stratiform
precipitation. The stall and pivot of the AR and NCFR led to intense
rainfall with a 2-day precipitation accumulation greater than 300 mm
over central CA. In addition, under the potential instability and
frontogenesis, a moist absolutely unstable layer between 850 hPa to 700
hPa was captured at the leading edge of the NCFR, which indicated
slantwise deep layer lifting and high precipitation efficiency. This
study reveals synoptic-scale and mesoscale drivers of rainfall outside
orographic lifting and reaffirms the importance of high-resolution
numerical modeling for the prediction of extreme precipitation and
related natural hazards.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

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