Figure 3. Per species Partial Least Squares – Discriminant Analysis plots of the metabolites found in the foliar metabolomes of Geranium pratense, Leucanthemum vulgare, and Ranunculus acris control or herbivore-induced plants as part of the (a – c) plant-plant interaction experiment and (d – f) plant-soil interaction experiment. Control plants are displayed in orange squares. Induced plants are displayed in violet circles. Ellipses represent the 95% confidence interval. The metabolite intensity matrix was log+1 transformed for the purpose of data normalization. Statistical parameters resulting from a permutational multivariate analysis of variance using distance matrices. Abbreviations: F = pseudo-F-value; p = p-value; expl. var = explained variance.