Concluding remarks
Membraneless organelles are peculiar liquid-like compartments in cells. Membraneless organelles are unique because of their multifold metastability, including free energy, molecular interaction, molecular structure, and materials state. What’s more, the alteration of metastability has been tightly linked to diseases. We envision that further elucidation of metastability in liquid phase separation, especially in the formation, maintenance and modulation of liquid-like MLOs, can contribute to the insight into cell physiology and mechanisms of pathogenesis (see Outstanding Questions ).