Processes |
United States |
Europe |
Sludge production |
Increasing |
Increasing |
More efficient dewatering processes |
Increasing |
Increasing |
More advanced techniques for pathogen removal |
Increasing |
Increasing |
Sludge recycling |
Increasing |
Increasing |
Landfill disposal |
Decreasing |
Decreasing |
Incineration |
Decreasing |
Increasing |
Ocean disposal |
Banned |
Decreasing |
Legal requirements |
Increasing |
Increasing |
Metal concentrations in biosolid |
Decreasing |
Decreasing |
Power efficiency and energy recovery |
Increasing |
Increasing |
Biosolids management outsourcing |
Increasing |
Increasing |
Biosolids management costs |
Increasing |
Increasing |
Social demands related to environmental conditions |
Increasing |
Increasing |
Farmers’ demands regarding biosolids quality |
Increasing |
Increasing |