Mechanisms mediated by emotion and microbiome
Since psychological or emotional stress links to cardiovascular health (78), current available literatures have showed the health benefits of meditation (79-81), which is like “keeping the pubic region (Dantian)”. In fact, mindfulness-based meditation may reduce not only cardiovascular risk factors but also both eCVD (atherosclerosis, hypertension, and hear failure) (82) and fCVD by lowering psychological stress, improvement of psychological health and human gut microbiota (83). More basic studies found that there are some associations (84-86) among animal behaviors and emotional phenotypes (e.g., anxiety-like behavior), the gut mycobiota, and host-protective immunity, since the gut microbiota can regulate central activity by different G proteins and changes in cellular calcium levels (87). In addition, a new study showed that high chronic social and psychosocial stressors link to immune aging and poor health (88) due to changes in naïve and terminally differentiated T cells and the ratio of CD4+:CD8+.