REFERENCES
Annane D, Bellissant E, Sebille V, Lesieur O, Mathieu B, Raphael JC, et al. (1998). Impaired pressor sensitivity to noradrenaline in septic shock patients with and without impaired adrenal function reserve. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 46: 589-597.
Bellomo R, Baldwin I, Ronco C, & Kellum JA (2021). ICU-Based Renal Replacement Therapy. Critical Care Medicine 49: 406-418.
Calzavacca P, Evans RG, Bailey M, Bellomo R, & May CN (2015). Cortical and Medullary Tissue Perfusion and Oxygenation in Experimental Septic Acute Kidney Injury. Critical Care Medicine 43: e431-439.
Chertoff J (2018). N-Acetylcysteine’s Role in Sepsis and Potential Benefit in Patients With Microcirculatory Derangements. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 33: 87-96.
Chiscano-Camon L, Ruiz-Rodriguez JC, Ruiz-Sanmartin A, Roca O, & Ferrer R (2020). Vitamin C levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 24: 522.
de Grooth HJ, Manubulu-Choo WP, Zandvliet AS, Spoelstra-de Man AME, Girbes AR, Swart EL, et al. (2018). Vitamin C Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Trial of Four IV Regimens. Chest 153: 1368-1377.
Fowler AA, 3rd, Syed AA, Knowlson S, Sculthorpe R, Farthing D, DeWilde C, et al. (2014). Phase I safety trial of intravenous ascorbic acid in patients with severe sepsis. J Transl Med 12: 32.
Fowler AA, 3rd, Truwit JD, Hite RD, Morris PE, DeWilde C, Priday A, et al. (2019). Effect of Vitamin C Infusion on Organ Failure and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Vascular Injury in Patients With Sepsis and Severe Acute Respiratory Failure: The CITRIS-ALI Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association 322: 1261-1270.
Fujii T, Luethi N, Young PJ, Frei DR, Eastwood GM, French CJ, et al. (2020). Effect of Vitamin C, Hydrocortisone, and Thiamine vs Hydrocortisone Alone on Time Alive and Free of Vasopressor Support Among Patients With Septic Shock: The VITAMINS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association 323: 423-431.
Group RC, Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson JR, Mafham M, Bell JL, et al.(2021). Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. The New England Journal of Medicine 384: 693-704.
Holford P, Carr AC, Jovic TH, Ali SR, Whitaker IS, Marik PE, et al. (2020). Vitamin C-An Adjunctive Therapy for Respiratory Infection, Sepsis and COVID-19. Nutrients 12.
Hwang SY, Ryoo SM, Park JE, Jo YH, Jang DH, Suh GJ, et al.(2020). Combination therapy of vitamin C and thiamine for septic shock: a multi-centre, double-blinded randomized, controlled study. Intensive Care Medicine 46: 2015-2025.
Ivanov V, Goc A, Ivanova S, Niedzwiecki A, & Rath M (2021). Inhibition of ACE2 Expression by Ascorbic Acid Alone and its Combinations with Other Natural Compounds. Infect Dis (Auckl) 14:1178633721994605.
Joffre J, & Hellman J (2021). Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in sepsis and acute inflammation. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. Feb 26. Online ahead of print.
Ladurner A, Schmitt CA, Schachner D, Atanasov AG, Werner ER, Dirsch VM, et al. (2012). Ascorbate stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase enzyme activity by rapid modulation of its phosphorylation status. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 52: 2082-2090.
Langenberg C, Bagshaw SM, May CN, & Bellomo R (2008). The histopathology of septic acute kidney injury: a systematic review. Crit Care 12: R38.
Lankadeva YR, Okazaki N, Evans RG, Bellomo R, & May CN (2019). Renal Medullary Hypoxia: A New Therapeutic Target for Septic Acute Kidney Injury? Semin Nephrol 39: 543-553.
Lankadeva YR, Peiris RM, Okazaki N, Birchall IE, Trask-Marino A, Dornom A, et al. (2021). Reversal of the Pathophysiological Responses to Gram-Negative Sepsis by Megadose Vitamin C. Critical Care Medicine 49: e179-e190.
Marik PE, Khangoora V, Rivera R, Hooper MH, & Catravas J (2017). Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and Thiamine for the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Retrospective Before-After Study. Chest 151: 1229-1238.
Matejovic M, Krouzecky A, Martinkova V, Rokyta R, Jr., Radej J, Kralova H, et al. (2005). Effects of tempol, a free radical scavenger, on long-term hyperdynamic porcine bacteremia. Critical Care Medicine 33: 1057-1063.
Moskowitz A, Huang DT, Hou PC, Gong J, Doshi PB, Grossestreuer AV, et al. (2020). Effect of Ascorbic Acid, Corticosteroids, and Thiamine on Organ Injury in Septic Shock: The ACTS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association 324:642-650.
Nourbakhsh N, & Singh P (2014). Role of renal oxygenation and mitochondrial function in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury. Nephron Clinical Practice 127: 149-152.
Padayatty SJ, Sun H, Wang Y, Riordan HD, Hewitt SM, Katz A, et al. (2004). Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use. Annals of Internal Medicine 140: 533-537.
Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, et al. (2017). Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016. Critical Care Medicine 45: 486-552.
Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, Shackelford KA, Tsoi D, Kievlan DR, et al. (2020). Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 395: 200-211.
Salama C, Han J, Yau L, Reiss WG, Kramer B, Neidhart JD, et al.(2021). Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia. The New England Journal of Medicine 384: 20-30.
Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. (2016). The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association 315: 801-810.
Subramanian VS, Sabui S, Moradi H, Marchant JS, & Said HM (2018). Inhibition of intestinal ascorbic acid uptake by lipopolysaccharide is mediated via transcriptional mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1860: 556-565.
Yanase F, Fujii T, Naorungroj T, Belletti A, Luethi N, Carr AC, et al. (2020). Harm of Intravenous High Dose Vitamin C Therapy in Adult Patients: A Scoping Review. Critical Care Medicine 48:e620-e628.
Zabet MH, Mohammadi M, Ramezani M, & Khalili H (2016). Effect of high-dose Ascorbic acid on vasopressor’s requirement in septic shock. J Res Pharm Pract 5: 94-100.