REFERENCES
Aguirre LF. Herrel A. Van Damme R. Matthysen E. 2002. Ecomorphological
analysis of trophic niche partitioning in a tropical savannah bat
community. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 269:1271.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2011.
Aguirre. L. F., Herrel, A., Van Damme R., & Matthysen, E. (2003). The
implications of food hardness for diet in bats. Functional
Ecology, 17 , 201-212.
Arias, E., & Pacheco, V. (2019). Dieta y estructura trófica de un
ensamblaje de murciélagos en los bosques montanos del Santuario Nacional
Pampa Hermosa. Junín. Perú. Revista Peruana de Biología ,26 , 169-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v26i2.16375
Bels, V., & Herrel, A. (2019). Feeding. a Tool to Understand Vertebrate
Evolution Introduction to “Feeding in Vertebrates”. In Bels, V. &
Whishaw, I. Q. (Ed.), Feeding in Vertebrates: Evolution.
Morphology (pp.1-18). Berlin, Germany: Springer.
Bornholdt, R., Oliveira, L. R. D., & Fabian, M. E. (2008). Sexual size
dimorphism in Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821) (Chiroptera:
Vespertilionidae) from south Brazil. Journal of Biology ,68 , 897-904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842008000400028
Cardini, A., & Polly, P. D. (2013). Larger mammals have longer faces
because of size -related constraints on skull form. Nature
communications , 4 , 2458.
Cardini, A., Polly, D., Dawson, R., & Milne, N. (2015). Why the Long
Face? Kangaroos and Wallabies Follow the Same “Rule” of Cranial
Evolutionary Allometry (CREA) as Placentals. Evolutionary
Biology , 42 , 169-176.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-015-9308-9
Cisneros, L. M., Fagan, M. E., & Willig, M. R. (2015). Effects of
human‐modified landscapes on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic
dimensions of bat biodiversity. Diversity and Distributions, 21,
523-533. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12277
de Camargo, N. F., & de Oliveira, H. F. (2012). Sexual dimorphism inSturnira lilium (Chiroptera. Phyllostomidae): can pregnancy and
pup carrying be responsible for differences in wing shape? Plos
one , 7 , e49734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049734
Dietz, C., Dietz, I., & Siemers, B. M. (2007). Growth of horseshoe bats
(Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in temperate continental conditions and the
influence of climate. Mammalian Biology , 72 , 129-144.
Dollion, A. Y., Measey, G. J. Cornette, R., Carne, L., Tolley, K. A.,
Silva, J. M., da. Boistel, R., Fabre, A. C., & Herrel, A. (2017). Does
diet drive the evolution of head shape and bite force in chameleons of
the genus Bradypodio n? Functional Ecology , 31 ,
671-684. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12750
Dumont. E. R. (2007). Feeding mechanisms in bats: variation within the
constraints of flight. Integrative and Comparative Biology,47 , 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icm007
Dumont, E. R. & O’Neil, R. (2004). Food hardness and feeding behavior
in old world fruit bats (Pteropodidae). Journal Mammal ,85 , 110-116. https://doi.org/10.1644/BOS-107
Dumont, E. R., Herrel, A., Medellín, R. A., Vargas-Contreras, J. A.,
Santana, S. E. (2009). Built to bite: cranial design and function in the
wrinkle-faced bat. Journal of Zoology , 279 , 329–337.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00618.x.
Dumont, E. R., Davalos, L. M., Goldberg, A., Santana, S. E., Rex, K.,
Voigt, C. C. (2012). Morphological innovation. diversification and
invasion of a new adaptive zone. Proceedings of the Royal Society
B , 279 , 1797-1805. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2005.
Freeman, P. W., & Lemen, C. A. (2008). Measuring bite force in small
mammals with a Piezo-resistive sensor. Journal Mammalogy,89 , 513-517. https://doi.org/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-101R.1.
Garcia-Morales, R., Moreno, C. E., Badano, E. I., Zuria, I.,
Galindo-González, J., Rojas-Martínez, A. E., & Ávila-Gómez, E. S.
(2016). Deforestation impacts on bat functional diversity in tropical
landscapes. PloS one , 11, e0166765.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166765
García-Herrera, L. V., Ramírez-Fráncel, L. A. R., & Flórez, G. R.
(2019). Consumo de plantas pioneras por murciélagos frugívoros en un
fragmento de bosque seco tropical (Colombia). Ciencia en
desarrollo, 10 , 22-31.
Giannini, N. P., & Kalko, E. K. V. (2004). Trophic structure in a large
assemblage of phyllostomid bats in Panamá. Oikos , 2 ,
209-220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12690.x
Herrel, A., Podos, J., Huber, S. K., & Hendry, A. P. (2005). Bite
performance and morphology in a population of Darwin’s finches:
implications for the evolution of beak shape. Functional Ecology ,19 , 43-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2005.00923.x
Herrel, A., De Smet, A., Aguirre, L. F., & Aerts, P. (2008).
Morphological and mechanical determinants of bite force in bats: do
muscles matter? Journal of Experimental Biology , 211 ,
86–91. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.012211
Irschick, D. J., Ramos, M., Buckley, C., Esltrot, J., Carlisle, E.,
Lailvaux, S. P., Bloch, N., Herrel, A., & Vanhooydonck, B. (2006). Are
morphology-performance relationships invariant across different seasons?
A test with the green anole (Anolis carolinensis ). Oikos ,114 , 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14698.x
López-Aguirre, C., & Pérez-Torres, J. (2015). Cranial and mandibular
asymmetry in Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera. Phyllostomidae) from
Colombia. Universitas Scientiarum , 20 , 141-152.
Maestri, R., Monteiro, L. R., Fornel, R., Upham, N. S., Patterson, B.
D., & de Freitas, T. R. O. (2017). The ecology of a continental
evolutionary radiation: Is the radiation of sigmodontine rodents
adaptive? Evolution , 71 , 610-632.
Manhães, I. A., Nogueira, M. R., & Monteiro, L. R. (2017). Bite force
and evolutionary studies in phyllostomid bats: a meta-analysis and
validation. Journal of Zoology, 302(4), 288-297.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12457
Mantilla-Meluk, H. (2014). Defining species and species boundaries inUroderma (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) with a description of a new
species. Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech
University , 325 , 1-25.
Murillo-García, O. E., & De la Vega, M. E. (2018). Divergence.
convergence and phenotypic diversity of neotropical frugivorous bats.Diversity , 10 , 10-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/d10030100
Nogueira, M. R., Peracchi, A. L., & Monteiro, L. R. (2009).
Morphological correlates of bite force and diet in the skull and
mandible of phylostomid bats. Functional Ecology , 23 ,
715-723. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01549.x
Reid, J. L., Mendenhall, C. D., Zahawi, R. A., & Holl, K. D. (2015).
Scale-dependent effects of forest restoration on Neotropical fruit bats.Restoration Ecology , 23 , 681-689. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12235
Rojas, D., Vale, Á., Ferrero, V., & Navarro, L. (2012). The role of
frugivory in the diversification of bats in the Neotropics.Journal Biogeography , 39 . 1948-1960.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02709.x
Rossoni, D. M., Assis, A., Giannini, N. P., & Marroig, G. (2017).
Intense natural selection preceded the invasion of new adaptive zones
during the radiation of New World leaf-nosed bats. Scientific
Reports , 7 , 1-11.
Core Team. (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical
computing .Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Sagot, M, & Stevens, R. (2012). The evolution of group stability and
roost lifespan: perspectives from tent-roosting bats. Biotropica ,44 , 90-97.
Santana, S. E., & Dumont, E. R. (2009). Connecting behaviour and
performance: the evolution of biting behaviour and bite performance in
bats. Journal of Evolutionary Biology , 22 , 2131-2.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01827.x
Santana, S. E., Dumont, E. R., & Davis, J. L. (2010) Mechanics of bite
force production and its relationship to diet in bats. Functional
Ecology , 24 , 776-784.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01703.x.
Santana, S. E., Grosse, I. R., & Dumont, E. R. (2012). Dietary
hardness. loading behavior. and the evolution of skull form in bats.Evolution , 66 , 2587-2598.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01615.x
Santana, S. E., & Miller, K. (2016). Extreme postnatal scaling in bat
feeding performance: a view of ecomorphology from ontogenetic and
macroevolutionary perspectives. Integrative and Comparative
Biology , 56 , 459-468. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icw075
Sikes, R. S., & Animal Care and Use Committee of the American Society
of Mammalogists. (2016). Guidelines of the American Society of
Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research and education.Journal of mammalogy , 97 , 663-688.
Soriano. P. 2000. Functional structure of bat communities in tropical
rainforests and Andean cloud forests. Ecotropicos , 13 ,
1-20.
Shi, B., Wang, Y., Gong, L., Chang, Y., Liu, T., Zhao, X., Lin, A.,
Feng, J, & Jiang, T. (2020). Correlation of skull morphology and bite
force in a bird-eating bat (Ia io ; Vespertilionidae).Frontiers in Zoology , 17 , 1-14.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-020-00354-0
Tamagnini, D., Meloro. C., & Cardini, A. (2017). Anyone with a
Long-Face? Craniofacial Evolutionary Allometry (CREA) in a Family of
Short-Faced Mammals, the Felidae. Evolutionary Biology ,44 , 476-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-017-9421-z
Thiagavel, J., Cechetto, C., Santana, S. E., Jakobsen, L., Warrant, E.
J., & Ratcliffe, J. M. (2018). Auditory opportunity and visual
constraint enabled the evolution of echolocation in bats. Nature
communications , 9 , 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02532-x
Wendeln, M. C., Runkle, J. R., & Kalko, E. K.V. (2000). Nutritional
values of 14 fig species and bat feeding preferences in Panama.Biotropica , 32, 489-501.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00495.x
Wroe, S., & Milne, N. (2007). Convergence and remarkably consistent
constraint in the evolution of carnivore skull shape. Evolution ,
61, 1251-1260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00101.x
APPENDIX I. SPECIMENS EXAMINED
The following list includes all specimens examined in this study, with
their respective localities.
Artibeus anderseni (41)- AMAZONAS, Leticia (ROM 53614, 53615,
53616, 63061) ANTIOQUIA, Los Remedios (ROM 84982), CUNDINAMARCA, La Gran
Curva, 114 km al oeste de Bogotá (ROM 48959, 51790), Melgar (ROM 53613,
75300, 75302), Puerto Salgar (ROM 44956, 44957, 44965) TOLIMA, Alvarado,
vereda Rincón de Chipalo, Parque Nacional del Arroz (CZUT-M 2089, 2090,
2091, 2099, 2100), Armero Guayabal, Centro Universitario Regional del
Norte - Universidad del Tolima (ROM 1128, 1415, 1416, 1418, 1434, 1436,
1481, 1492, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1536 ,1537, 1538, 1541, 1624, 1638, 1639,
1641, 1642), Espinal (ROM 88089), Ibagué, vereda Aparco (CZUT-M 2098,
2103).
Artibeus lituratus (64)- CAUCA, Bellavista (ROM 63232, 63063,
64066, 64067, 64068, 64069, 64070, 64071, 67247, 67253, 67255, 67256,
67261), CUNDINAMARCA, Puerto Salgar (ROM 44811), META, Villavicencio,
Puerto López (ROM 88083), TOLIMA, Ambalema, vereda Chorrillo (CZUT-M
1410, 1546, 1567, 1569, 1668), Armero Guayabal, Centro Universitario
Regional del Norte - Universidad del Tolima (CZUT-M 1124, 1413, 1545,
1546, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1596, 1628, 1629, 1631, 1704), Ibagué, vereda
Chucuni (CZUT-M 0763, 0764, 0766, 0835), Buenos Aires (ROM 44882,
44885), Melgar, Santo Tomas (MUJ 00826, 00827, 00828, 00829, 00830,
00832, 00833, 00834) Suárez, vereda Batatas (CZUT-M 0299, 0301, 0303,
0305, 0344, 0346), vereda Aguas Claras (CZUT-M 0363), vereda Los
Arrayanes (CZUT-M 1230, 1231), PUTUMAYO, vereda Guascayaco (ROM 46356,
49206, 49209, 49211), VAUPÉS, Mitú (ROM 45258, 45259, 45260), VALLE DEL
CAUCA (ROM 44889, 44890).
Artibeus planirostris (75)- META, Fuente de Oro, Km 9 Carretera
Puerto Limón (ROM 90109, 91409), TOLIMA, Ambalema, vereda Chorrillo
(CZUT-M 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477,
1494, 1544, 1568, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591,
1592, 1599, 1600, 1605, 1632, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1669, 1670, 1671,
1672, 1673, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1699, 1700, 1701), Ibagué, vereda Aparco
(CZUT-M 1994, 1995, 1996), Armero Guayabal, Centro Universitario
Regional del Norte - Universidad del Tolima (CZUT-M 1412, 1414, 1493,
1513, 1514, 1542, 1543, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1598, 1698, 1705, 1712, 2008,
2049), Suárez, vereda Batatas (CZUT-M 0243, 0244, 0245, 0298, 0300,
0302, 0304, 0345, 0347, 2070), PUTUMAYO, vereda Guayaco (ROM 49211),
Vereda San Miguel (67246).
Artibeus phaeotis (28)- AMAZONAS, Leticia (ROM 53610, 53611,
53612), CAUCA, Bellavista (ROM 64064, 64059, 64057), MAGDALENA, Santa
Marta (ROM 79885), TOLIMA, Alvarado, vereda Rincón de Chipalo, Parque
Nacional del Arroz (CZUT-M 2106), Ambalema, vereda Chorrillo (CZUT-M
1346, 1549, 1572, 1647) Armero Guayabal, Centro Universitario Regional
del Norte - Universidad del Tolima (CZUT-M 1127, 1435, 1437, 1518, 1571,
1625, 1640, 1702, 1703, 1706, 1710, 1711), Mariquita (MUJ 0269, 0285,
0286), Melgar (MUJ 00835).
Platyrrhinus helleri (31) -MAGDALENA, Santa Marta (ROM 79882),
TOLIMA, Alvarado, vereda Rincón de Chipalo, Parque Nacional del Arroz
(CZUT-M 2009, 2062), Ambalema, vereda Chorrillo (CZUT-M 1709), Armero
Guayabal, Centro Universitario Regional del Norte - Universidad del
Tolima (CZUT-M 1539, 1547, 1570, 1602, 1626, 1630, 2010), Líbano,
Hacienda La Trinidad (ROM 88082), Ibagué, vereda Martínez (CZUT-M 0027,
0116), San Sebastián de Mariquita (CZUT-M 1063, 1065, 1072), Melgar
(CZUT-M 1928), vereda Santo Tomas (MUJ 00837, 00838, 00839, 00841),
Suárez, vereda Batatas (CZUT-M 0341, 0364, 1914), PUTUMAYO (ROM 403559,
46375, 46353, 63239), VAUPÉS, Mitú (ROM 45274, 45273),
Uroderma convexum (40)- MAGDALENA, Santa Marta (ROM 79886),
TOLIMA, Alvarado, vereda Rincón de Chipalo, Parque Nacional del Arroz
(CZUT-M 2093, 2101, 2104, 2105), Armero Guayabal, Centro Universitario
Regional del Norte - Universidad del Tolima (CZUT-M 1126, 1438, 1511,
1512, 1540, 1597, 1601, 1622, 1623, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1694,
1707), Ibagué, vereda Aparco (CZUT-M 2095, 2096, 2097, 2102), San
Sebastián de Mariquita (CZUT-M 1054, 1070), Melgar (CZUT-M 1927, MUJ
00842, 00843, 00844, ROM 62508), Suárez, vereda Batatas (CZUT-M 1915),
PUTUMAYO, vereda Guascayaco (ROM 46360), vereda Horno (ROM 63240,
63240), VAUPÉS, Mitú (CZUT-M 45268, 45267, 45366, 45265).
Sturnira giannae (30)- TOLIMA, Ambalema, vereda Chorrillo (CZUT-M
1116, 1117, 1118, 1296, 1310, 1318, 1342, 1343), Armero Guayabal, Centro
Universitario Regional del Norte - Universidad del Tolima (CZUT-M 1129,
1403), Ibagué, vereda Aparco (CZUT-M 2014, 2015, 2016, 2021, 2022, 2023,
2028), Mariquita (CZUT-M 1056, 1061), Suárez, vereda Batatas (CZUT-M
0234, 0246, 0307, 0362, 1236), PUTUMAYO (ROM 40374, 40313, 40349, 40375,
46373, 49184).