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\begin{document}

\title{Cooperative Breeding Behaviors in the Hawaiian Stilt (Himantopus
mexicanus knudseni)}



\author[1]{Arleone Dibben-Young}%
\author[2]{Kristen Harmon}%
\author[3]{Arianna Lunow-luke}%
\author[2]{Jessica Idle}%
\author[2]{Dain Christensen}%
\author[2]{Melissa Price}%
\affil[1]{Ahupua‘a Natives LLC}%
\affil[2]{University of Hawaii at Manoa}%
\affil[3]{Brown University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Cooperative breeding, which is commonly characterized by non-breeding
individuals that assist others with reproduction, is common in avian
species. However, few accounts have been reported in Charadriiformes,
particularly island-nesting species. We present observations of
cooperative breeding behaviors in Hawaiian Stilts during the 2012-2020
nesting seasons on the Hawaiian islands of O`ahu and Moloka`i. We
describe three different behaviors that indicate cooperative breeding:
(1) nest sharing; (2) helper at the nest; (3) cooperative chick rearing.
Our observations suggest an ideal opportunity to examine the evolution
of cooperative breeding behaviors in the order Charadriiformes.%
\end{abstract}%



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