Natural selection in the origin: how does selection act on
snails’ shell colour in the source of a diversified population?
Short running title: Natural selection in a source population
Shun ITO (S.I.)1*, Takahiro HIRANO
(T.H.)1,2, Satoshi CHIBA (S.C.)1,2and Junji KONUMA (J.K.)3
1 Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University,
Miyagi, Japan
2 Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku
University, Miyagi, Japan
3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho
University, Chiba, Japan
*Corresponding author. E-mail address:s.ito.7330i@gmail.com.
Telephone number: +81-22-795-7560. Mailing address: Graduate School of
Life Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan. 41 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku,
Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
Author’s contributions: All authors conceived the ideas; SI, TH and SC
designed methodology; SI collected and analysed the data; SI and JK led
the writing of the manuscript. All authors contributed critically to the
drafts and gave final approval for publication.
Acknowledgements: We thank O. Kagawa, S. Fukuda, D. Yamazaki, S. Uchida,
M. Tatani and M. Hasegawa for useful discussions and comments. We thank
T. Yamamoto, S. Yamamoto, S. Yamamoto and E. Yamamoto of Sentaku-ya and
M. Maeda and C. Maeda of Maechu to support our survey in Niijima. We
also thank T. Ito, T. Ito, H. Ito and Y. Ito to support our survey in
the Izu Peninsula. The part of this work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI
Grant Number 17K07573 and 18H02506.
Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to
declare.